Sustainable mining management is increasingly seen as an important issue in achieving a social license to operate for mining companies. This study describes the life cycle cost (LCC) analysis and environmental valuation for several coal mine tailings management scenarios.

The economic feasibility of six different options was assessed using the Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA) methods. These options were belt press (OPT 1), tailings paste (OPT 2), thickened tailings (OPT 3), and OPT 1 with technology improvement and renewable energy sources (OPT 1A-C). The results revealed that OPT 1A (belt press technology with stack cell flotation) was the first preference in terms of LCC while OPT 1C (belt press technology with stack cell flotation and 10% wind energy) generated the highest benefits value (BCA) compared to the other options. The LCC and BCA components and the volume of GHG emissions were used to determine the best option. Normalization of these three elements resulted in the selection of Option 1C as being the most cost-effective option. • Previous article in issue • Next article in issue.

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After developing and commencing the Environmental Engineering program in 2007 I have seen many of our graduates enter the workforce into some exciting positions that create the marriage between engineering and sustainability. These bright young people are now developing geothermal energy systems, recycling wastewater to safeguard our water resources, ensuring large civil engineering infrastructure constructions are meeting stringent environmental guidelines, running Living Smart programs for the community, solving complex groundwater problems on the Swan Coastal Plain, designing sustainable waste management systems on Christmas Island, assisting in the environmental performance of major mining projects and more.

I engage my final year students with industry intensively for their design projects, theses and internships. In some cases they go on to secure employment with these same industry partners when they graduate. In my research program I am working with my PhD students, industry partners and other universities to develop carbon neutral settlements, recycled water systems for urban villages, low cost but effective sanitation solutions for developing countries and innovative new water supply systems for remote Aboriginal communities. My research group is called EELS = Environmental Engineering & Life Systems, after the electric eel that shocks its prey and also from the ancient indigenous knowledge to build the stone traps in rivers that capture eels for a sustainable approach to hunting food. We can learn from these natural phenomena to design sustainable engineered systems for society. I am the Academic Chair of the Environmental Engineering undergraduate program.

In this role I meet with potential and new students to assist with their enrolment, selection of units and meet with them regularly as the progress through their four-year degree program. I also meet with candidates thinking of enrolling into HDR research studies such as PhD or Masters. If their research interests are related to mine then I can become their research advisor or supervisor and if not then I will help them to find a suitable staff member that can take on that support role.

I have a range of teaching units that I deliver on a regular basis and always looking for new ways to develop and improve these particularly as new knowledge and pedagogical techniques become available. • Unit coordinator and senior lecturer in: BRD306 Transitions to Post Carbon Society ENG300 Environmental Technology for Sustainability ENG459 Sustainable Urban Water Systems ENG452 Environmental Engineering Design • Involved in the following units: ENV102 Introduction to Environmental Science ENG341 Water Conservation and Water Auditing ENG221 Pollution and its Control ENV212 Global and Regional Sustainability. My principal focus in research could be simply described as ecotechnology. Sustainability in the Built Environment can be achieved with contributions from EcoTechnology.

EcoTechnologies are devices and systems that when integrated into the built environment enable sustainable development of human settlements. EcoTechnology will be appropriate for the cultural setting, environmentally sustainable as well as economically viable with the right business model. Thereby it contributes to sustainable livelihoods as a chief outcome. Integrated EcoTechnology achieves sustainability through combination of: Water sensitive urban design, passive solar built form, renewable energy, permaculture, resource recovery from closed loop systems and regenerative mobility. With increasing urban population density in built environments Integrated EcoTechnology optimises performance through environmental sensors informing the control systems via cloud computing.

I have a range of research students across a range of topics related to environmental sustainability and environmental engineering: • Resource flows, energy efficiency, thermal performance and wastewater recycling in green buildings, precincts and urban villages. • Solid waste management on island settlements. • Energy and water efficiency in mining settlements.

• Environmental health infrastructure in remote indigenous communities and developing countries. • Sustainable design for remote tourist developments.

My approach to this research area of Integrated Eco Technology is generally as follows. Resource flows in urban villages: • What: Suburban areas in many cities consist of poorly designed built environments. Many people living in these environments are attracted to transit-oriented developments that can be more environmentally sustainable and culturally diverse. • The Problem: Suburban sprawl is typically large carbon footprint, high water use, car dependent, low food production. Buildings’ thermal performance is poor therefore being uncomfortable to live in, also with lack of daylighting. This results in high inputs of energy to achieve desired comfort levels and peak loads on electricity network. • The Solution: A more compact urban form with passive solar design, BIPV and EV storage, rainwater harvesting, MBR for wastewater recycling to dual reticulation for non-potable uses and dripline subsurface irrigation of local food production.

Solid waste management on island settlements: • What: Many island settlements around the world require much of their consumer goods and foods to be brought in on ships containing much packing materials. This generates large amounts of solid wastes. Island residents are seeking sustainable livelihoods.

• The Problem: Solid wastes including biosolids are usually disposed of to poorly designed and managed landfill sites. Leachates from landfill sites contaminate groundwater and emit greenhouse gases to the atmosphere from the decaying organic wastes. Poorly managed sites attract pests and vermin and create foul odours. Managers often respond by continually burning at the tip face resulting in more atmospheric pollution and hazards. • The Solution: Effective MSW collection systems that separate and then process organics and recyclables. Composting, anaerobic digestion or thermal treatment of organic wastes create biofuels, soil improvers for local food production and sustainable livelihoods. Energy efficiency in mining settlements: • What: Energy and water efficiency in mining settlements has low priority due to its relatively low cost significance alongside mine energy and water use, labour costs and life of mine itself.

However, costs of implementation are low and payback times short, usually less then life of mine. Benefits also are manifold with mine worker participation activities and spinoffs into the broader built environment industry. • The Problems: BAU practice is power line from mine to village even though this can be more expensive than standalone RAPS at village.

Accommodation modules have very low thermal performance requiring 24/7 air-conditioning. RO desalination water supply plant runs 24/7 to supply all uses. WWTP runs 24/7 to deal mainly with only low strength greywater. • The Solution: RAPS PV +wind +genset +battery storage can be cheaper than power line. Run PVRO during daylight for drinking water only.

Use raw groundwater and recycled wastewater for non-potable uses. Greywater diversion to landscape irrigation to reduce volumetric load on WWTP.

Environmental health in remote indigenous communities. • What: Community members are looking for sustainable livelihood opportunities. Poor housing, water and sanitation infrastructure is common. • The Problem: Consequently environmental health outcomes in these communities and developing countries are very poor also with high incidence of disease.

Combined with poor infrastructure this also contributes to peoples’ low capacity for work. • The Solution: Innovative low cost solutions to public health infrastructure identified and built with local community participation. Sustainable design for remote tourist developments: • What: Tourist developments in remote areas and islands are often dependent on imported and expensive fuels, water and food. • The Problem: Planning and design often focusses on quality accommodation and ecological experiences but ignores the TBL sustainability opportunities of the facilities themselves.

• The Solution: A resort planning and design tool can identify TBL viable technologies for buildings, energy, water, food and waste management. Commonalities between these research areas: • Social outcomes are ultimately the goal in all settings = economic viability and sustainable livelihoods. • Application of new scientific knowledge will assist in many situations in the form of an ecotechnology integrated effectively into the built environment as an engineered system with local knowledge and participation. • Reduced ecological footprint is also the outcome and therefore longer term sustainability. • Findings are often transferrable to mainstream settings. Collaborations: • A/Prof Andrea Castelleti, NRM group, Milan Polytechnic, Italy • A/Prof Andrea-Emilio Rizzoli, IDSIA-SUPSI, Lugano, Switzerland • Prof Uwe Schulz, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences & Arts, Switzerland • Prof.

Karduck, Furtwangen University, Germany • Mathias Jehling, Institute of Regional Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany • Dr Mark Nelson, Institute of Ecotechnics, USA • Dr Martin Brueckner, Centre for Responsible Citizenship and Sustainability, Murdoch University • Professor Grant Revell, Architecture, Landscape & Visual Arts & School of Indigenous Studies, The University of Western Australia • Professor Peter Newman, CUSP Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute & Faculty of Architecture, Australia • Associate Professor Runa T. HELLWIG (Dr), Solar and Energy Efficient Buildings Cluster (SEEB), Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), National University of Singapore (NUS). In 2016, I was awarded the WA Water Professional of Year by the Australian Water Association. I recently completed a collaborative ARC Linkage grant project with Professor Peter Newman on carbon neutral settlements. Now my 2 research students that undertook their PhD research projects related to that grant have recently completed their PhD write-up, one on remote indigenous communities and the other on remote minesite villages. Previously the most recent large grant was one from the Premier’s Water Foundation where I managed a large grant called Decentralised Wastewater Recycling for Urban Villages.

The results of this research and development are now written into a chapter soon to be published in a book by my colleagues in Berlin. Activities 2013-2015: • Chairman of the World Renewable Energy Congress held at Murdoch University in July, 2013 that attracted 200 delegates. • Chairman of the IWA International Conference on Sustainable Water Management held at Murdoch University in November 2015.

• Supported our students organising the World Student Environmental Conference held at Murdoch University July 2015. I provide advice and guidance on conference organisation matters and will chair a panel discussion during the conference.

• Engineering Industry Advisory Committee – I am a regular member in the Engineering Advisory Committee meetings and participate actively in these. • Keith Roby Memorial Trust committee – I joined the Keith Roby Memorial Trust committee end of 2013 with the main activity to organise the annual public lecture. This event I chaired in 2014, 15, 16 at Kim Beazley Lecture Theatre with about 200 attendees. • Environmental Sustainability committee – I joined the new Environmental Sustainability committee in 2015. • Centre for Responsible Citizenship & Sustainability – I am an affiliate member of the Centre for Responsible Citizenship & Sustainability. • City of Fremantle Green Plan working group – I participated in the City of Fremantle Green Plan working group to develop a new urban trees strategy and placed one of my final years students in the council to work on developing the water balance model for irrigation requirements.

• Specialist advisor to Board of UDIA Envirodevelopment – I was a regular monthly board member for this Urban Development Institute of Australia environmental sustainability award scheme where I assess applications, provide technical review of water and energy performance claims and go on site visits to review urban developments. • Judge in the annual Landcorp Regional & Community Sustainability Award – I attend the annual judging panel for the Landcorp Regional & Community Sustainability Award and help to identify and select the winners. • Completed a consulting project for the Shire of Christmas Island for design of their proposed new MSW composting plant – I designed and documented the proposed organic solid waste composting plant for the island (IRMA 15902, Project 1112) so the CEO Kelvin Matthews could submit this for funding to Canberra. • Completed a consulting project in 2015 for Defence Housing Australia on their Fremantle Liv apartments to introduce high levels of engineering sustainability via the One PLanet Living framework.

• Completed a consulting project in 2016 for the Water Corporation with John Hunt on water audits of 9 schools in the Perth metropolitan area. Expected activities for service/engagement in 2017: • I will be Chairman of the World Renewable Energy Congress and organising committee to be held at Murdoch University November 2017. • Continue on the Engineering Industry Advisory Committee. • Environmental Sustainability committee. • Centre for Responsible Citizenship & Sustainability – I will collaborate with the Centre to establish new research projects. • I will continue to be on the annual judging panel for the Landcorp Regional & Community Sustainability Award to identify and select the winners. • I review papers for the Renewable Energy journal and the Ozwater conference abstracts and papers.

Currently I am supervising the following research scholars: • Roberta Fornarelli: Postdoc research: Integrating rooftop PV and water treatment in regional towns. • Negar Vakilifard: PhD: Integrating rooftop PV and water treatment in Perth. • Christine Eon. Dil Roye Ya Ilahi Mp3 Free Download Skull on this page. PhD Topic: 10 House Living Laboratory Study. PhD Topic: Hydraulic modelling of water supply networks in buildings. Install Openssh Windows Vista.

• Nora Graciela Najera Romero. PhD Topic: Microaglae in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment • Francois Vorster. PhD Topic: Health risks in industrial reuse of municipal wastewater. Recent completions: • Joanne Stewart. PhD 2016: Carbon Livelihoods in Indigenous Settlements. • Josh Byrne. PhD, 2016: Sustainable Urban Landscapes – Mains Water Neutral.