Introduction to Prototyping. What is a prototype? A prototype is a virtual or real model of your invention, something that enables a user or developer to imagine.

Universal Pen Mandrel Kit The Universal Pen Mandrel Kit by Planet Manufacturing is an innovative design that allows the majority of pen kits available to be turned on a single mandrel. The adjustable shaft length enables the user to decide whether it is desirable to turn one or two pen components at a time. Each kit is supplied complete with 3 parallel spacers for turning pens with an outside barrel diameter of 7mm and 4 cones for barrel diameters of 7.5 - 12mm. The cones have a 90 degree included angle which will not mouth the barrel or cause any other damage in normal use. The kit comes supplied with additional lock nut kit for use with larger blanks and a leaflet explaining how to use the kit. Code Size Description Price.

Beginners Woodturning Tool Set (6 piece set) 67HS-6 Piece Tool Set: This is the ultimate full size all round woodturning tool set. Perfect for the beginner for any type of turning from bowls to spindles, also a perfect addition of woodturning tools to any woodturner of any level of experience, as the selection of tools are the most popular tools used at the lathe. The set consists of the following turning tools, one of each: • ¾” Roughing Gouge • ¼” Parting Tool • 3/8” Bowl Gouge • 3/8” Spindle Gouge • ¾” Oval Skew Chisel • ½” Round Nose Scraper The tool set is neatly put together and presented in a gift box The Ideal gift for the turner in your life; or for yourself, the beginner but this set of 6 woodturning tools is just as valuable to the more experienced woodturner Code Size Description Price. Safety Equipment Starter Set We have put together a selection of our most popular safety clothing and equipment. The set consists of the following; allowing the woodturner / woodworker or carver to start work on their chosen project straight away knowing that they have adequate protection from, dust, flying debris and the effects of noisy power tools, with the cotton cabinet makers apron allowing you to work safely and with its large pockets enabling you to keep your pencils, rules dividers etc all at hand ready to use.

The set consists of the following: • x 1 - Ear Muffs-Standard - conform to EN24869-1 • x 1 - Dust Mask - FFP3 • x 1 - Safety Spectacles-with Side Shield • x 1 – Cotton Apron better known as the Cabinet makers apron For more information on any of the above Safety items look through the Safety Equipment pages Normal total price for the above selection is £21.40 our special offer price £18.45 Code Size Description Price. Carvin’ Jack The Flexcut Carvin’ Jack is the complete carving kit in your pocket and whether you are a new comer to woodcarving or an expert this is the one carving tool that will make an ideal addition to your tool box. If you are working from your home / workshop or even out and about, such as camping or fishing this multi-blade knife is ideal for keeping yourself busy carving or whittling that newly found timber. An excellent gift for yourself or the carver in your life The Carvin' Jack is an extremely innovative new tool which comes complete with its own Flexcut Sliptrop and Gold Polishing Compound. And includes a Detail Knife, Straight Gouge, Hook Knife, V-Scorp, Gouge Scorp and Chisel, plus handy leather carrying case with belt loop, and all the accessories you’ll need to keep a razor-sharp edge for perfect cuts The six high-carbon steel blades are conveniently stored in the handle and securely lock in both the opened and closed positions.

Each razor edge is pre-honed and sharpened. Includes the Flexcut Sliptrop and Flexcut Gold polishing compound and Leather carrying case has snap-close button and belt loop The pictures below shows examples of use for carving with the Carvin’ Jack 1. Gouge Scorp: Scorps, by their nature, are right-angled gouges.

Their very short turning radius allows them to carve very narrow, deep recesses, similar to spoon gouges. V-Scorp: The V-Scorp’s sharp corners leave a clean line of demarcation between two adjacent surfaces, much the same as outlining with a pencil 3. Chisel: This handy carpenter’s tool is great for setting a hinge, carving lettering or smoothing off hard-to-reach convex surfaces. Detail Knife: Its fine point can be used for detailing delicate areas or quickly removing wood from a convex surface as you would with any whittling knife 5.

Hook Knife: The hook knife is designed for carving in hollow areas where a straight blade can’t reach. It’s ideal for hollowing spoons or roughing out larger amounts of waste wood. Straight Gouge: Gouges are used for modelling surfaces or creating different textures. It can also be used for carving printmaking woodcuts Code Size Description Price. Shield Technology Restore Special Offer Because of the frequent inquiries that we receive into these two Restore solutions from the Shield Technology range of restore and protection products, we have put together both the Restore Pre-Clean and the Restore Rust Remover products. This is the ideal solution for restoring those tools that you haven’t used for some time for one reason or the other and they have been overcome with that dreaded rust and dust For more information on these two products see the Shield Technology category in the Tool Shop drop down menu This special offer consists of: • 1 x Restore Pre-Clean - 250ml • 1 x Restore Rust Remover - 250ml Code Size Description Price. Special Offer for the Pen Turner If you are unsure of what to buy the turner in your life for Christmas this year, read on and also check our website for further special offers leading up to Christmas This special offer is catered for someone who is just starting out in the art of turning pens at the lathe and for the more experienced woodturner who just wants to upgrade to a superior pen turning kit.

7mm 24ct – Gold Twist Pen Kits – Pack of 10 – Special Offer These are probably the most popular pen making kits available, which are ideal for both the beginner and more advanced pen making crafts person alike This offer consists of 10 twist top 7mm pen making kits in a gold finish. Each kit utilise a single diameter of insert tube and may be turned on our pen mandrels (PM1/2 & PM1/K-PM2/K) without the need for cones or stepped bushings, the kits consist of all the necessary components apart from the wood. Use the 7mm HSS Lip & Spur Drill Bit (LS/HSS-7) or the 7mm Colt HSS-M2 150mm Pen Drill Bit (702554) to drill the pen blank. Code Size Description Price. Pen Making Kit Special Offer Buy the rotur Professional Pen making kit and get the Robert Sorby set of three Pen turning tools (36HS), which includes the Robert Sorby Spindle Master at discounted price – Normal retail price £61.93. When purchased with this offer you get a massive saving – It’s only £55.00 This special offer consists of the following: • Set of the Robert Sorby pen making tools (36HS) • Professional pen making kit with either a No 1 or No 2MT Mandrel (PM1/K or PM2/K) Code Size Description Price. Restore – Blade & Bit Cleaner • Fast Acting – Trade Strength formula for efficient cleaning • Removes pitch and resin from circular saw blades, router bits, spindle moulder tooling, drill bits, forstner bits, the list goes on • After cleaning, the items are protected against short term corrosion • Supplied in an easy to use 500ml spray bottle • Economical and Biodegradable As an introductory offer We are supplying The Restore – Blade & Bit Cleaner (500ml Spray Bottle) With a pair of our Nitrile Palm Coated Gloves - At No extra charge Code Size Description Price.

Professional Pen Turning Kit – The New – Universal Deluxe Mandrel Pen Turning Kit With all the component parts of the very popular original rotur Professional Pen Turning Kit manufactured in the UK the New Universal Deluxe Mandrel Pen Turning Kit comes with a new designed and highly engineered dust free collect tapered mandrel, with the use of the spanner included with the kit makes light work of making any adjustments to the length of the shaft to be used. Simply loosen the top end of the mandrel and slide in or out the shaft / rod to the required length, without the use of any allen keys, which can be tricky at times to use while the pen mandrel is inserted on the lathe. With this newly designed mandrel with the dust free collet, it enables the shaft / rod to be moved in and out smoothly and freely and when tightened the shaft / rod is held firmly and securely in place.

Like the original rotur Professional Pen Turning Kit the New Universal Deluxe Mandrel Pen Turning Kit also comes complete in a neat robust sturdy Light blue plastic case, with a foam insert cut and shaped to house the items as shown below, so you can easily keep all your pen turning equipment in one place, clean and safe. Hard Wax Oil Developed by Chestnut Products this Hard Wax Oil is a tough, easy to apply oil which has wax dissolved into it for a harder-wearing surface. The oil is virtually clear and builds easily to a high gloss finish. The properties of the Chestnut Hard Wax Oil make it ideal for use on woodturnings, furniture, worktops etc. And can be applied by a brush or cloth, with a drying time of about four hours. The Chestnut Hard Wax Oil complies with EN-71 making it safe for use on toys and furniture used in a bedroom / nursery Supplied in 5oo ml, 1 ltr and 5 ltr containers Code Size Description Price. Proxxon MOS Carver & Flexcut RG100 Power Carving Deluxe Set (14 Piece) Package We have teamed up two excellent products and created the ultimate set for power carving.

The Proxxon MOS carver is one of the easiest power carvers to use, just push the blade in and you are carving within seconds. The 10000 strokes per minute allow for clean, effortless and precision carving and when used in conjunction with the Flexcut RG100 Power Carving gouges. Jet DC1100A Extractor This ruggedly made extractor is designed for extended workshop use. Offering industrial quality construction and exceptional wood chip and sawdust extraction, it is large enough for a 300mm planer or many other workshop machines. The DC1100A is fitted with a high efficiency steel fan and the unique 'Vortex' cone design, which maintains a high collection performance by preventing premature clogging of the filter, this works by separating the waste from the airflow and diverting the waste into the collecting bag. The base is fitted with castors for total mobility around the workshop.

The 150mm inlet is fitted with a twin branch 100mm adaptor, allowing connection to either one or two machines. This machine can be upgraded to handle finer dusts with the addition of a 1 micron filter cartridge. Supplied with a pack of five collection bags and a 30 micron filter bag, supplied without a hose, please note this machine uses waste sack size - 785 x 940mm (410241). Specification for Jet DC1100A Extractor: Air Flow – 1,620 m³/hr @ 150mm 1,100 m³/hr @ 100mm Bag Capacity – 200 litres Capacity – 200 litres Hose Diameter – 150mm, 2 x 100mm Model – DC-1100A Nett Weight – 71kg Overall L x W x H – 940 x 510 x 1,830mm Particle Size – 30 micron Power – 1.1kW (Max Input 1.9kW) 230V 1ph Pressure – 1,700pa Picture A. Shows the Jet CD1100A Dust Extractor – Code: 210045 Picture B.

Shows the Jet CD1100A Dust Extractor fitted with the Micron Filter – Code: 700390 The Micron Filter – Code: 700390 is sold separately (Please note: The Price for items 210045 and 700390 also includes free delivery to address’s within the UK mainland only) Code Size Description Price. Pen Mandrel Support When turning the pen between centres the pen mandrel / shaft is normally supported by the use of a rotating centre fitted to the tail stock, which is pushed up to recess in the end of the pen shaft of the pen mandrel.

Over a period of time this can cause some damage to the point – tip of your valuable rotating centre. The new pen mandrel support designed and manufactured by the team at Planet Plus, the pen mandrel support enables the pen mandrel & shaft to be held securely between centres without any unnecessary force being applied to the pen shaft, the pen mandrel support is simply fitted to the tail stock as you would with the rotating centre and the pen shaft is then inserted in to the pen mandrel support, the pen mandrel eliminates any shake in the pen mandrel shaft as it rotates between centres during the pen turning process. The pen mandrel support will also reduce any unnecessary pressure being added to the lathes motor, especially with the smaller lathes Code Size Description Price. Flexcut Beginner 2 – Blade Craft Carver Set The Beginner 2-Blade Craft Carver Set has everything a new carver needs to tackle their first project. Our carving tutor Peter Berry designed and developed this package for Flexcut and thoroughly recommends the kit as an ideal introduction to the fascinating craft of woodcarving. Supplied with two carving blades plus an interchangeable ABS handle, as you gain experience you could easily make additions from the extensive range of Flexcut SK blades.

A basswood blank for the leaf carving project and a second blank for practicing cuts are included. There is also a leaf project DVD as well as a 24-page project manual. Carving tutor Peter Berry designed and developed this package for Flexcut and thoroughly recommends the kit as an ideal introduction to the fascinating craft of woodcarving. Key Features • The perfect introduction to woodcarving • Interchangeable ABS Palm Handle • 2 Carving Blades in a safe pouch • Bass Wood Blanks included • Instructional DVD • 24 Page Manual and Project Guide Code Size Description Price. MaxiCut® RotaStop® Peppermill Boring Kit Complete MaxiCut® RotaStop® Boring Kit for Salt and Peppermills Boring pepper mills and drilling through the hardest of woods is fast and easy with Colt® MaxiCut® Forstner bits. These premium HSS bits feature a patented cutter head design that cuts up to 6 times faster than conventional forstner bits while lasting many times longer. In addition, MaxiCut® Forstner bits feature a patented RotaStop® quick release shank design that locks positively into standard drill chucks in addition to RotaStop® extension shanks and RotaStop® morse taper adapters.

Maltego Trial License For 7 more. To release, grip one section with a set of pliers and twist the other section a 1/4 turn and you’re done. It’s that easy. • Probably the best system in the world for boring out peppermills • Cutting head cuts equally well on side and end grain timbers • Chip breakers remove chips and reduce heat build up • Cuts hard woods with ease and can be re-sharpened • Lasts several times longer than other forstner bits • Morse taper adapters available for mounting in headstock/tailstock • Maxi Cut® Bits are compatible only with Maxi Cut® extenders and adapters Kit contains one each: 1 1/16' (27mm) MaxiCut® RotaStop® Forstner Bit, 6'/150mm RotaStop® Extension, No. 2 Morse Taper Adapter with RotaStop® Code Size Description Price. Jet JWL-1221VS Woodturning Lathe & Floor Stand - PACKAGE DEAL Jet JWL-1221VS Woodturning Lathe The Jet JWL1221VS is different to every other Jet lathe that has been before. The whole lathe has been designed to make the woodturning experience better by focusing on control.

As with all other JET lathes, this one is made from cast iron, but the bed width is much wider than usually found on machines of this size. This gives great support to the tool rest holder, which also stays exactly where you clamp it even under the heaviest loads. The spindle is supported by heavy duty bearings and is quietly driven by a 745W DC motor via a 6 groove belt system. All of the motor controls are very conveniently located together; the speed control, spindle speed digital readout and forward/reverse selector all come naturally to hand. The tall, rigid tailstock has an ACME barrel lead screw with 64mm of travel, the barrel and headstock spindles have 2MT tapers. Camlocks on both tailstock and toolrest holder allow easy positioning just where you want them. To help keep things tidy there are tool and cable storage fittings on the bed, keeping those essential tools within easy reach.

Although this is a great bench top lathe, with the optional extension bed and matching lathe and bed stands you can expand this lathe into a floor standing machine with over 1,000mm between centres. The lathe stand has a built-in storage tray plus wide feet for stability, whilst the bed extension is an exact match to the lathe bed, giving a completely integrated look to whole machine. This is without doubt a very fine small lathe. Stand for Jet JWL-1221VS Woodturning Lathe This substantial stand complements the JWL-1221VS lathe.

Having wide feet, it remains very stable and has a convenient tool storage tray built in. Easy to assemble, it provides a ready alternative to bench mounting the lathe.

Veritas Tapered Snug Plug Cutter & Flush Cutting Saw - PACKAGE DEAL Package deal comprises the Veritas 1/2' Tapered Snug Plug Cutter and the Veritas Flush Cutting Saw. Veritas 1/2' Tapered Snug Plug Cutter Sometimes when plugging holes, no matter how carefully drilled, the holes finish up slightly oversize for the plug, especially in soft woods. These cabinet maker's snug plug cutters overcome this by cutting a slightly tapered plug. The first 3mm of the plug is the diameter stated whilst the remaining length is then flared out at an angle of 3°. Just tap the plug into place until you meet resistance then cut off the excess. Also, unlike regular plug cutters which have two cutting flutes, these plug cutters have four, giving a much cleaner cut and a smooth-sided plug which fits perfectly every time and is practically invisible, for best results use in a drill press or power drill stand. Veritas Flush Cutting Saw Traditionally used for the rapid trimming of plugs and dowels flush with a surface, these flush cutting saws can be used where you want to cut off a projection without damaging the surrounding or adjoining face.

The Japanese tooth pattern blade cuts aggressively (on the pull stroke), but does not mark the surface that it is cutting next to. The thin blade is flexible and can be pressed flush to any surface, yet is rigid enough for good control.

290mm long with 120mm of blade, single edge 26tpi. These work like a charm. Key Features Veritas Tapered Snug Plug Cutter • Snug plug cutters cut a slightly tapered plug • 1/2' Cutter • Flares out at 3° angle • Four cutting flutes Veritas Flush Cutting Saws • Excellent for cutting projecting dowels or plugs • Single edged 26tpi with no set • Japanese style tooth pattern • Flexible blades cut on the pull stroke • Overall length 290mm(11.1/2') with 120mm(4.3/4') blade Our special offer price for this package deal is £34.99 (was £38.39) Code Size Description Price.

Robert Sorby Sovereign Deluxe Boxed Spiralling and Texturing Tool Set For decorating woodturning, this set is an absolute must! This set features both the full size and modular micro systems to deliver a multitude of decorative shapes and patterns. Set includes Unhandled spiralling system, texturing cutter, spiralling cutters 2mm, 4mm and 6mm pitches, unhandled modular micro spiralling tool, 2 micro spiralling cutters and micro texturing cutter, 12' Sovereign handle, 4' Sovereign extension, Sovereign 1/2' collet, Sovereign threaded coupler, 600g Diamond Honing Card and Focus on Decorative Techniques DVD. The set comes complete with a beautiful wooden box that has been carefully designed by Robert Sorby's product management team to appeal to beginners and the more experienced woodturner alike. Was £284.35 – Our special offer price is now only £226.00 Code Size Description Price. Robert Sorby Sovereign Deluxe Boxed 6 Piece Turning Tool Set This set of woodturning tools consists of the ever popular 67HS – 6 piece tool set, but with the added benefits afforded by the Sovereign handle system. This set includes a 3/4' Spindle Gouge, 3/8' Spindle Gouge, 3/8' Bowl Gouge, 3/4' Standard Skew Chisel, 1/8' Standard Parting Tool, Round Nose Scraper, 12' Sovereign Handle, 4' Sovereign Extension, Sovereign 3/8', 1/2' and Tang Collets, Sovereign Threaded Coupler, 600g Diamond Honing Card and Focus on Starting Out Woodturning DVD.

Comes complete in a beautiful wooden box each carefully designed by Robert Sorby's product management team to appeal to beginners and the more experienced woodturner alike Was £260.26 – Our special offer price is now only £199.99 Code Size Description Price. The Elipse Half – Face Mask A major leap in mask design the Elipse Half – Face Mask with an entirely new approach to filter design without compromising on performance A mask designed to be worn for up to eight hours needs to pay special attention to the ongoing comfort of the wearer. Hence the starting point of an ergonomic design aimed at fitting the contours of the face.

Silicon and latex-free, odour-free, non-allergic medical grade materials have been used for the construction of the mask itself as well as for the materials used in the construction of the filters. The head-strap has four adjustable locations for increased comfort, and a protective head- band at the rear. The compact design further reduces the risk of the mask interfering with the user’s line of vision, or with any eye or ear protection that must also be worn. A large area non-return exhaust valve has been utilised to provide low breathing resistance which in turn reduces wearer fatigue and the subsequent discomfort experienced by conventional masks. Elipse P3 (R) and Elipse P3 (R) Nuisance Odour Carbon Replacement Filters HESPA air filters for the Elipse Safety Half Face Mask P3 – HESPA – Filter Media when development commenced none of the filter media available met the requirements for the new mask.

Plenty of high efficiency pleatable media were available, but none combined a sufficiently low pressure loss with the high enough efficiency that was required to produce the low – depth filter needed. Thus, HESPA media – a high efficiency synthetic media with a low pressure loss - was developed to GVS's specification. The HESPA media range has efficiencies from 99.95% to 99.999%, and has been shown to be more robust than the conventional glass media used in respirator filters. The HESPA air filter is approved as a particle filter in accordance with European Standard EN1432000/A1. These filters are designed to fit the Elipse Safety Respirator (half face mask) only, which is approved as a half – mask in accordance with European Standard EN140:1998. SPR501F: The Elipse P3 (R) Filters provide protection against dust particles, metal fumes (smoke), asbestos, oil & water mists, vapours, bacteria & viruses. • Approved to European Standard EN140: 1998.

APF: 20 • Elipse twin filter ready to wear half mask • Latex and silicone free, lightweight TPE face piece that is comfortable to wear for long periods of time • Low profile filters provide unobstructed field of vision • Compatible with other PPE safety products including visors and welding helmets SPR336: The Elipse P3 (R) Nuisance Odour Carbon Filters have an integrated carbon, offering added relief against, low levels of nuisance vapours, odours and dust particulates. • Approved to European Standard EN140: 1998. APF: 20 • Elipse twin filter ready to wear half mask • Latex and silicone free, lightweight TPE face piece that is comfortable to wear for long periods of time • Low profile filters provide unobstructed field of vision • Compatible with other PPE safety products including visors and welding helmets We recommend that when changing the filters that you change the two filters at the same time.

The Elipse P3 and Elipse P3 (R) Nuisance Odour Carbon Replacement Filters are supplied in packs of two Code Size Description Price. NOVA Comet II VS Midi Lathe & G3 Reversible Chuck - PACKAGE DEAL Package deal comprises the NOVA Comet II Variable Speed Mini Lathe and the NOVA G3 Reversible Woodturning Chuck. The NOVA Comet II Midi Lathe is precision machined from quality materials. Solid cast iron throughout adds to its durability and stability. Both the head and tailstock spindles are 2MT for strength. The Comet II enables you to create bowls up to 300mm (12') diameter or turn spindles up to 420mm (16.1/2') long. The power comes from a 750W (3/4hp) motor, whilst the variable speed control allows you to match the speed to the work with a range between 250 and 4,000rpm.

The forward and reverse function is a means of achieving a superior finish using reverse sanding. The NOVA G3 Reversible Woodturning Chuck is the ideal chuck for smaller lathes with up to 360mm/14' diameter swing.

It provides a high power geared chuck option for the majority of smaller lathes. The 80mm diameter G3 is lightweight and, with a body length of only 45mm, overhang is minimised. This makes the G3 perfect for smaller lathe spindles. Less overhang places far less load on the lathe’s spindle and bearings.

Making for smoother running and helps to extend the bearing’s working life. The precision machined 1045 high tensile steel body features an open back for easy cleaning. The hardened geared action delivers incredible smooth strength, offering solid, vibration-free turning. Requiring only one hand to operate the chuck key allows the other hand to hold the work in position.

With its fast, positive location more time is spent turning and less time spent preparing. The Auto Safety Stop feature prevents the jaw slides from protruding past the chuck body.

The G3 takes the full range of NOVA accessory jaws. However, please note that NOVA do not recommend some of their larger accessory jaws for use on the NOVA G3 Chuck.

For more information, consult your NOVA Accessory Jaw Manual or the NOVA Accessory web pages. In buying a NOVA chuck, you can be confident that any accessories you have invested in will fit. The fully assembled chuck body and jaw slides come with 50mm/2' jaws, a Safe Lock™ Woodworm Screw, manual and fastenings, storage box, T-bar chuck key and a 2 year warranty. Chuck,Tools & Accessories Care & Cleaning Special Offer We at turnerstoolbox.com know how important it is to keep your woodturning lathe, tools, chucks and all their accessories in a safe, clean and workable condition that will help towards you having a more pleasurable and more importantly a safe time at the lathe. To aid you in keeping your woodturning tools and accessories in a safe and workable condition we have put together a special offer, which consists of the Shield Technology Restore Blade & Bit Cleaner 500ml spray bottle and the Axcaliber Dry Lubricant – 400ml Aerosol Spray can Code Size Description Price. 3 STEP LATHE BUFFING & POLISHING SYSTEM Get a beautiful and a durable wax finish with this unique lathe-mounted polishing system.

Buffing passes are made with a Tripoli buff (linen wheel), white diamond buff (linen/ flannel wheel), then carnuba wax (flannel wheel). The final finish is very similar to multiple coats of lacquer but is softer and much deeper. The system includes: A set of three 8' fabric buffing wheels, tripoli bar, white diamond bar, carnuba wax bar and 16' long No 2 MT heavy duty lathe mandrel which holds the buffing wheels. The wheels are 8' round. The picture shows the buffing system fitted to the lathe. The tapered end (1) fits into the headstock as shown, the other end the bar which as a small hole where you can fit the tip of a revolving or a similar rotating centre in the tailstock (2) The 3 Step Lathe Buffing & Polishing System comes complete with a set of instructions on how to use the system We have the system on Special Offer at a discounted price of £53.95 Code Size Description Price. Tormek T-8 Sharpening System & Woodturner's Kit - PACKAGE DEAL Tormek T-8 Water Cooled Sharpening System The Tormek T-8 sharpening system is the perfect answer to your sharpening requirements.

For any professional or amateur needing a versatile, reliable and repeatable sharpening system, the T-8 should be on the top of your list. The T-8 has a 250mm x 50mm water-cooled grindstone and a 220mm x 31mm leather tyred honing wheel. Powered by a quiet 200W motor, Tormek’s unique and efficient drive system maintains constant speed, even under load.

Tools can be sharpened with the Supergrind wheel cutting towards or away from the edge. The T-8 features a strong, cast-alloy casing. The mounting sleeves for the universal support are an integral part of the casting.

The design eliminates the possibility of any misalignment between the universal support and the grinding wheel. The universal support bar has a micro-adjuster, which makes setting up or replicating a sharpening angle easy and highly accurate.

The Advanced Water Trough features a screw lift mechanism. You can fit it, fill it and then by simply turning the knob, raise the trough to bring the water into contact with the stone. It makes removing the trough for emptying just as simple.

The T-8 includes a magnetic scraper for efficient cleaning. The unit has an NVR safety switch with a strong waterproof cover. The T-8 is suitable for use in education and other areas where an NVR switch is a necessity. The T-8 includes TT-50 Truing and Dressing Tool, SP-650 Stone Grader, WM-200 Angle Setting Guide, PA-70 Honing Paste and Dressing Oil for the honing wheel. In addition, there is a comprehensive handbook and Tormek DVD all packed in a strong storage tray. The T-8 also includes the SE-77 upgraded jig for square edge tools.

Its design has a movable side and fine adjustment. This ensures a precise 90° angle between your blade’s edge and side. It also offers the possibility to create a slightly cambered edge. The Tormek wet-grinding method leaves a polished, burr-free edge without overheating the tool. Wet grinding significantly extends the life of your tools; it removes less material without affecting the temper of the steel.

Center lathe with and chuck guard. Size is 460 mm swing x 1000 mm between centers A metal lathe or metalworking lathe is a large class of designed for precisely relatively hard materials. They were originally designed to machine; however, with the advent of and other materials, and with their inherent versatility, they are used in a wide range of applications, and a broad range of materials. In machining, where the larger context is already understood, they are usually simply called lathes, or else referred to by more-specific subtype names (,, etc.). These rigid remove material from a workpiece via the (typically ) movements of various cutting tools, such as and.

Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Construction [ ] The design of lathes can vary greatly depending on the intended application; however, basic features are common to most types. These machines consist of (at the least) a headstock, bed, carriage, and tailstock. Better machines are solidly constructed with broad bearing surfaces ( slide-ways) for stability, and manufactured with great precision. This helps ensure the components manufactured on the machines can meet the required tolerances and repeatability. Headstock [ ]. Headstock with legend, numbers and text within the description refer to those in the image The headstock (H1) houses the main spindle (H4), speed change mechanism (H2,H3), and change gears (H10). The headstock is required to be made as robust as possible due to the cutting forces involved, which can distort a lightly built housing, and induce vibrations that will transfer through to the workpiece, reducing the quality of the finished workpiece.

The main spindle is generally hollow to allow long bars to extend through to the work area. This reduces preparation and waste of material. The spindle runs in precision bearings and is fitted with some means of attaching workholding devices such as. This end of the spindle usually also has an included, frequently a, to allow the insertion of hollow tubular (Morse standard) tapers to reduce the size of the tapered hole, and permit use of. On older machines ('50s) the spindle was directly driven by a with lower speeds available by manipulating the bull gear. Later machines use a gear box driven by a dedicated electric motor. A fully 'geared head' allows the operator to select suitable speeds entirely through the gearbox.

Beds [ ] The bed is a robust base that connects to the headstock and permits the carriage and tailstock to be moved parallel with the axis of the spindle. This is facilitated by hardened and ground bedways which restrain the carriage and tailstock in a set track. The carriage travels by means of a system. The of accurate pitch, drives the carriage holding the cutting tool via a gearbox driven from the headstock.

Types of beds include inverted 'V' beds, flat beds, and combination 'V' and flat beds. 'V' and combination beds are used for precision and light duty work, while flat beds are used for heavy duty work.

[ ] When a lathe is installed, the first step is to level it, which refers to making sure the bed is not twisted or bowed. There is no need to make the machine exactly horizontal, but it must be entirely untwisted to achieve accurate cutting geometry. A precision level is a useful tool for identifying and removing any twist. It is advisable also to use such a level along the bed to detect bending, in the case of a lathe with more than four mounting points. In both instances the level is used as a comparator rather than an absolute reference. Feed and lead screws [ ] The feedscrew (H8) is a long that allows a series of gears to drive the carriage mechanisms.

These gears are located in the apron of the carriage. Both the feedscrew and leadscrew (H7) are driven by either the change gears (on the quadrant) or an intermediate gearbox known as a quick change gearbox (H6).

These intermediate gears allow the correct ratio and direction to be set for cutting. Tumbler gears (operated by H5) are provided between the spindle and gear train along with a quadrant plate that enables a gear train of the correct ratio and direction to be introduced. This provides a constant relationship between the number of turns the spindle makes, to the number of turns the leadscrew makes. This ratio allows screwthreads to be cut on the workpiece without the aid of a. Some lathes have only one leadscrew that serves all carriage-moving purposes. For screw cutting, a half nut is engaged to be driven by the leadscrew's thread; and for general power feed, a key engages with a keyway cut into the leadscrew to drive a pinion along a rack that is mounted along the lathe bed.

The leadscrew will be manufactured to either or standards and will require a conversion ratio to be introduced to create thread forms from a different family. To accurately convert from one thread form to the other requires a 127-tooth gear, or on lathes not large enough to mount one, an approximation may be used. Multiples of 3 and 7 giving a ratio of 63:1 can be used to cut fairly loose threads. This conversion ratio is often built into the quick change gearboxes. The precise ratio required to convert a lathe with an Imperial (inch) leadscrew to metric (millimeter) threading is 100 / 127 = 0.7874..

The best approximation with the fewest total teeth is very often 37 / 47 = 0.7872.. This transposition gives a constant -0.020 percent error over all customary and model-maker's metric pitches (0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00, 2.50, 3.00, 3.50, 4.00, 4.50, 5.00, 5.50 and 6.00 mm). Carriage [ ]. Carriage with legend, numbers and text within the description refer to those in the image In its simplest form the carriage holds the tool bit and moves it longitudinally (turning) or perpendicularly (facing) under the control of the operator. The operator moves the carriage manually via the handwheel (5a) or automatically by engaging the feed shaft with the carriage feed mechanism (5c). This provides some relief for the operator as the movement of the carriage becomes power assisted. The handwheels (2a, 3b, 5a) on the carriage and its related slides are usually calibrated, both for ease of use and to assist in making reproducible cuts.

Calibration marks will measure either the distance from center (radius), or the work piece's diameter, so for example, on a diameter machine where calibration marks are in thousandths of an inch, the radial handwheel dial will read.0005 inches of radius per division, or.001 inches of diameter. The carriage typically comprises a top casting, known as the saddle (4), and a side casting, known as the apron (5). Cross-slide [ ] The cross-slide (3) rides on the carriage and has a feedscrew that travels at right angles to the main spindle axis. This permits operations to be performed, and the depth of cut to be adjusted. This feedscrew can be engaged, through a gear train, to the feed shaft (mentioned previously) to provide automated 'power feed' movement to the cross-slide. On most lathes, only one direction can be engaged at a time as an interlock mechanism will shut out the second gear train. Compound rest [ ] The compound rest (or top slide) (2) is usually where the tool post is mounted.

It provides a smaller amount of movement (less than the cross-slide) along its axis via another feedscrew. The compound rest axis can be adjusted independently of the carriage or cross-slide. It is used for turning tapers, to control depth of cut when screwcutting or precision facing, or to obtain finer feeds (under manual control) than the feed shaft permits.

Usually, the compound rest has a protractor marked in its base (2b), enabling the operator to adjust its axis to precise angles. The slide rest (as the earliest forms of carriage were known) can be traced to the fifteenth century. In 1718 the tool-supporting slide rest with a set of gears was introduced by a Russian inventor and had limited usage in the Russian industry. In the eighteenth century the slide rest was also used on French lathes. The suite of gun boring mills at the,, in the 1780s by the also had slide rests. The story has long circulated that invented it, but he did not (and never claimed so).

The legend that Maudslay invented the slide rest originated with, who wrote ambiguously about it in his Remarks on the Introduction of the Slide Principle, 1841; later writers misunderstood, and propagated the error. However, Maudslay did help to disseminate the idea widely. It is highly probable that he saw it when he was working at the Arsenal as a boy. In 1794, whilst he was working for, he made one, and when he had his own workshop used it extensively in the lathes he made and sold there.

Coupled with the network of engineers he trained, this ensured the slide rest became widely known and copied by other lathe makers, and so diffused throughout British engineering workshops. A practical and versatile incorporating the trio of leadscrew, change gears, and slide rest was Maudslay's most important achievement. The first fully documented, all-metal slide rest lathe was invented by around 1751. It was described in the a long time before Maudslay invented and perfected his version.

It is likely that Maudslay was not aware of Vaucanson's work, since his first versions of the slide rest had many errors that were not present in the Vaucanson lathe. Toolpost [ ] The tool bit is mounted in the toolpost (1) which may be of the American lantern style, traditional four-sided square style, or a quick-change style such as the multifix arrangement pictured. The advantage of a quick change set-up is to allow an unlimited number of tools to be used (up to the number of holders available) rather than being limited to one tool with the lantern style, or to four tools with the four-sided type. Interchangeable tool holders allow all tools to be preset to a center height that does not change, even if the holder is removed from the machine.

Tailstock [ ]. Tailstock with legend, numbers and text within the description refer to those in the image The is a tool (drill), and centre mount, opposite the headstock. The spindle (T5) does not rotate but does travel longitudinally under the action of a leadscrew and handwheel (T1). The spindle includes a to hold drill bits, centers and other.

The tailstock can be positioned along the bed and clamped (T6) in position as dictated by the work piece. There is also provision to offset the tailstock (T4) from the spindles axis, this is useful for turning small tapers, and when re-aligning the tailstock to the axis of the bed. The image shows a reduction gear box (T2) between the handwheel and spindle, where large drills may necessitate the extra leverage. The tool bit is normally made of HSS, cobalt steel or carbide. Steady, follower and other rests [ ] Long workpieces often need to be supported in the middle, as cutting tools can push (bend) the work piece away from where the centers can support them, because cutting metal produces tremendous forces that tend to vibrate or even bend the workpiece.

This extra support can be provided by a steady rest (also called a steady, a fixed steady, a center rest, or sometimes, confusingly, a center). It stands stationary from a rigid mounting on the bed, and it supports the workpiece at the rest's center, typically with three contact points 120° apart.

A follower rest (also called a follower or a travelling steady) is similar, but it is mounted to the carriage rather than the bed, which means that as the tool bit moves, the follower rest 'follows along' (because they are both rigidly connected to the same moving carriage). Follower rests can provide support that directly counteracts the springing force of the tool bit, right at the region of the workpiece being cut at any moment. In this respect they are analogous to a. Any rest transfers some workpiece geometry errors from base () to processing surface. It depends on the rest design. For minimum transfer rate correcting rests are used.

Rest rollers typically cause some additional geometry errors on the processing surface. Correcting rest work video Types of metal lathes [ ] There are many variants of lathes within the field.

Some variations are not all that obvious, and others are more a niche area. For example, a centering lathe is a dual head machine where the work remains fixed and the heads move towards the workpiece and machine a center drill hole into each end. The resulting workpiece may then be used 'between centers' in another operation. The usage of the term metal lathe may also be considered somewhat outdated these days, plastics and other composite materials are in wide use and with appropriate modifications, the same principles and techniques may be applied to their machining as that used for metal. Center lathe / engine lathe / bench lathe [ ].

A typical center lathe The terms center lathe, engine lathe, and bench lathe all refer to a basic type of lathe that may be considered the archetypical class of metalworking lathe most often used by the general or machining hobbyist. The name bench lathe implies a version of this class small enough to be mounted on a workbench (but still full-featured, and larger than ). The construction of a center lathe is detailed above, but depending on the year of manufacture, size, price range or desired features, even these lathes can vary widely between models. Engine lathe is the name applied to a traditional late-19th-century or 20th-century lathe with automatic feed to the cutting tool, as opposed to early lathes which were used with hand-held tools, or lathes with manual feed only. The usage of 'engine' here is in the mechanical-device sense, not the prime-mover sense, as in the which were the standard industrial power source for many years. The works would have one large steam engine which would provide power to all the machines via a system of belts.

Therefore, early engine lathes were generally 'cone heads', in that the spindle usually had attached to it a multi-step pulley called a cone pulley designed to accept a flat belt. Different spindle speeds could be obtained by moving the flat belt to different steps on the cone pulley. Cone-head lathes usually had a countershaft () on the back side of the cone which could be engaged to provide a lower set of speeds than was obtainable by direct belt drive. Adobe Indesign Cs6 Trial Download. These gears were called back gears. Larger lathes sometimes had two-speed back gears which could be shifted to provide a still lower set of speeds.

When electric motors started to become common in the early 20th century, many cone-head lathes were converted to electric power. At the same time the state of the art in and practice was advancing to the point that manufacturers began to make fully geared headstocks, using gearboxes analogous to to obtain various spindle speeds and feed rates while transmitting the higher amounts of needed to take full advantage of tools. Cutting tools evolved once again, with the introduction of man made carbides,and became widely introduced to general industry in the 1970s. Early carbides were attached toolholders by brazing them into a machined 'nest' in the tool holders, later designs allowed tips to be replaceable, and multi faceted, allowing them to be reused. Carbides tolerate much higher machining speeds without wearing. This has led to machining times shortening, and therefore production growing.

The demand for faster and more powerful lathes controlled the direction of lathe development. The availability of inexpensive electronics has again changed the way speed control may be applied by allowing continuously variable motor speed from the maximum down to almost zero RPM. This had been tried in the late 19th century but was not found satisfactory at the time. Subsequent improvements in electric circuitry have made it viable again. Toolroom lathe [ ] A toolroom lathe is a lathe optimized for work.

It is essentially just a top-of-the-line, with all of the best optional features that may be omitted from less expensive models, such as a collet closer, taper attachment, and others. The bed of a toolroom lathe is generally wider than that of a standard centre lathe. There has also been an implication over the years of selective assembly and extra fitting, with every care taken in the building of a toolroom model to make it the smoothest-running, most-accurate version of the machine that can be built.

However, within one brand, the quality difference between a regular model and its corresponding toolroom model depends on the builder and in some cases has been partly marketing psychology. For name-brand machine tool builders who made only high-quality tools, there wasn't necessarily any lack of quality in the base-model product for the 'luxury model' to improve upon. In other cases, especially when comparing different brands, the quality differential between (1) an entry-level center lathe built to compete on price, and (2) a toolroom lathe meant to compete only on quality and not on price, can be objectively demonstrated by measuring TIR, vibration, etc. In any case, because of their fully ticked-off option list and (real or implied) higher quality, toolroom lathes are more expensive than entry-level center lathes. Turret lathe and capstan lathe [ ].

Main article: are members of a class of lathes that are used for repetitive production of duplicate parts (which by the nature of their cutting process are usually ). It evolved from earlier lathes with the addition of the turret, which is an toolholder that allows multiple cutting operations to be performed, each with a different cutting tool, in easy, rapid succession, with no need for the operator to perform setup tasks in between (such as installing or uninstalling tools) nor to control the toolpath. (The latter is due to the toolpath's being controlled by the machine, either in -like fashion [via the mechanical limits placed on it by the turret's slide and stops] or via -directed servomechanisms [on (CNC) lathes].) There is a tremendous variety of turret lathe and capstan lathe designs, reflecting the variety of work that they do. Gang-tool lathe [ ] A gang-tool lathe is one that has a row of tools set up on its cross-slide, which is long and flat and is similar to a table.

The idea is essentially the same as with turret lathes: to set up multiple tools and then easily index between them for each part-cutting cycle. Instead of being rotary like a turret, the indexable tool group is linear.

Multispindle lathe [ ]. See also: Multispindle lathes have more than one spindle and automated control (whether via or CNC). They are production machines specializing in high-volume production. The smaller types are usually called, while the larger variants are usually called automatic chucking machines, automatic chuckers, or simply chuckers. Screw machines usually work from bar stock, while chuckers automatically chuck up individual blanks from a magazine. Typical minimum profitable production lot size on a screw machine is in the thousands of parts due to the large setup time.

Once set up, a screw machine can rapidly and efficiently produce thousands of parts on a continuous basis with high accuracy, low cycle time, and very little human intervention. (The latter two points drive down the unit cost per interchangeable part much lower than could be achieved without these machines.) CNC lathe / CNC turning center [ ]. An example turned vase and view of the tool turret (CNC) lathes are rapidly replacing the older production lathes (multispindle, etc.) due to their ease of setting, operation, repeatability and accuracy.

They are designed to use modern tooling and fully use modern processes. The part may be designed and the tool paths programmed by the process or manually by the programmer, and the resulting file uploaded to the machine, and once set and trialled the machine will continue to turn out parts under the occasional supervision of an operator. The machine is controlled electronically via a computer menu style interface, the program may be modified and displayed at the machine, along with a simulated view of the process. The setter/operator needs a high level of skill to perform the process, however the knowledge base is broader compared to the older production machines where intimate knowledge of each machine was considered essential.

These machines are often set and operated by the same person, where the operator will supervise a small number of machines (cell). The design of a CNC lathe varies with different manufacturers, but they all have some common elements. The turret holds the tool holders and indexes them as needed, the spindle holds the workpiece and there are slides that let the turret move in multiple axis simultaneously. The machines are often totally enclosed, due in large part to (OH&S) issues.

With rapid growth in this industry, different CNC lathe manufacturers use different user interfaces which sometimes makes it difficult for operators as they have to be acquainted with them. With the advent of cheap computers, free operating systems such as, and CNC software, the entry price of CNC machines has plummeted. [ ] CNC Horizontal Milling [ ] CNC horizontal machining is performed using horizontally-configured lathes, machining centers, boring machines, or boring mills. The equipment used typically consists of rotating cylindrical cutters moving up and down along five axes. These machines are capable of producing a variety of shapes, slots, holes, and details on a three-dimensional part.

CNC Vertical Milling [ ] Vertically-oriented CNC machines utilize cylindrical cutters on a vertical spindle axis to create plunge cuts and drilled holes, as well as custom shapes, slots, and details on three-dimensional parts. Equipment used in this type of milling includes vertical lathes, vertical machining centers, and 5-axis machines. Swiss-style lathe / Swiss turning center [ ]. A view inside the enclosure of a CNC Swiss-style lathe/screw machine A Swiss-style lathe is a specific design of lathe providing extreme accuracy (sometimes holding tolerances as small as a few tenths of a thousandth of an inch—a few ).

A Swiss-style lathe holds the workpiece with both a and a guide. The collet sits behind the guide bushing, and the tools sit in front of the guide bushing, holding stationary on the Z axis.

To cut lengthwise along the part, the tools will move in and the material itself will move back and forth along the Z axis. This allows all the work to be done on the material near the guide bushing where it is more rigid, making them ideal for working on slender workpieces as the part is held firmly with little chance of deflection or vibration occurring. This style of lathe is commonly used under CNC control.

Most CNC Swiss-style lathes today use one or two main spindles plus one or two back spindles (secondary spindles). The main spindle is used with the guide bushing for the main machining operations. The secondary spindle is located behind the part, aligned on the Z axis. In simple operation it picks up the part as it is cut off, and accepts it for second operations, then ejects it into a bin, eliminating the need to have an operator manually change each part, as is often the case with standard CNC turning centers. This makes them very efficient, as these machines are capable of fast cycle times, producing simple parts in one cycle (i.e., no need for a second machine to finish the part with second operations), in as little as 10–15 seconds. This makes them ideal for large production runs of small-diameter parts. Additionally, as many Swiss lathes incorporate a secondary spindle, or 'sub-spindle', they also incorporate 'live tooling'.

Live tools are rotary cutting tools that are powered by a small motor independently of the spindle motor(s). Live tools increase the intricacy of components that can be manufactured by the Swiss lathe. For instance, automatically producing a part with a hole drilled perpendicular to the main axis (the axis of rotation of the spindles) is very economical with live tooling, and similarly uneconomical if done as a secondary operation after machining by the Swiss lathe is complete. A 'secondary operation' is a machining operation requiring a partially completed part to be secured in a second machine to complete the manufacturing process. Generally, advanced CAD/CAM software uses live tools in addition to the main spindles so that most parts that can be drawn by a CAD system can actually be manufactured by the machines that the CAD/CAM software support. Combination lathe / 3-in-1 machine [ ] A combination lathe, often known as a 3-in-1 machine, introduces drilling or milling operations into the design of the lathe.

These machines have a milling column rising up above the lathe bed, and they utilize the carriage and topslide as the X and Y axes for the milling column. The 3-in-1 name comes from the idea of having a lathe, milling machine, and all in one affordable machine tool. These are exclusive to the hobbyist and markets, as they inevitably involve compromises in size, features, rigidity, and precision in order to remain affordable. Nevertheless, they meet the demand of their niche quite well, and are capable of high accuracy given enough time and skill. They may be found in smaller, non-machine-oriented businesses where the occasional small part must be machined, especially where the exacting tolerances of expensive toolroom machines, besides being unaffordable, would be overkill for the application from an engineering perspective. Mini-lathe and micro-lathe [ ] Mini-lathes and are miniature versions of a general-purpose center lathe (engine lathe).

They typically have swings in the range of 3 to 7 in (76 to 178 mm) diameter (in other words, 1.5 to 3.5 in (38 to 89 mm) radius). They are small and affordable lathes for the home workshop or MRO shop.

The same advantages and disadvantages apply to these machines as explained earlier regarding. As found elsewhere in English-language orthography, there is variation in the styling of the prefixes in these machines' names.

They are alternately styled as mini lathe, minilathe, and mini-lathe and as micro lathe, microlathe, and micro-lathe. Wheel lathe [ ] Wheel lathes are machines used to manufacture and resurface the wheels of. When wheels become worn or compromised from excessive use, this tool can be used to re-cut and recondition the wheel of the car. There are a number of different wheel lathes available including underfloor variations for resurfacing wheels that are still attached to the rail car, portable types that are easily transported for emergency wheel repairs, and CNC versions which utilize computer-based operating systems to complete the wheel repair.

Pit Lathe [ ] A lathe for large diameter, though short work, built over a recess in the floor to admit the lower part of the workpiece thus allowing the toolrest to stand at the turner's waist height. An example is on display at the London Science Museum, Kensington. Brake lathe [ ] A lathe specialized for the task of resurfacing brake and in automotive or truck garages.

Oil country lathe [ ] Specialised lathes for machining long workpieces such as segments of drill strings. Oil country lathes are equipped with large-bore hollow spindles, a second chuck on the opposite side of the headstock, and frequently outboard steadies for supporting long workpieces. Feed mechanisms [ ] Various feed mechanisms exist to feed material into a lathe at a defined rate. Bar feeder A bar feeder feeds a single piece of into the cutting machine. As each part is machined, the cutting tool creates a final cut to separate the part from the bar stock, and the feeder continues to feed the bar for the next part, allowing for continual operation of the machine. There are two types of bar feeds used in lathe machining: Hydrodynamic bar feeds, which rest the bar stock in a series of channels whilst clamping down on the top and bottom of the bar, and hydrostatic bar feeds, which hold the bar stock in a feed tube using pressurized oil. Bar loader A bar loader is a variation on the bar feeder concept in that multiple pieces of bar stock may be fed into a hopper, and the loader feeds each piece as necessary.

References [ ]. • (in Russian) •,. • • Parker, Dana T. Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II, p. 81, 123, Cypress, CA, 2013.. Retrieved 2016-01-11. Retrieved 2016-01-11.

Retrieved 2016-01-11. Retrieved 2016-01-11. Bibliography [ ] • Burghardt, Henry D. (1919), Machine Tool Operation, 1 (1st ed.), New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill,. External links [ ] • • • • • • •.