•, •, Parent None () Website The Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA) is a civilian of the, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing information from around the world, primarily through the use of (HUMINT). As one of the principal members of the (IC), the CIA reports to the and is primarily focused on providing intelligence for the and. Unlike the (FBI), which is a domestic security service, the CIA has no law enforcement function and is mainly focused on overseas intelligence gathering, with only. Though it is not the only U.S. Government agency specializing in HUMINT, the CIA serves as the national manager for coordination of HUMINT activities across the U.S. Intelligence community. Moreover, the CIA is the only agency authorized by law to carry out and oversee at the behest of the President.

The UK border. It is an integral part of the. UK law enforcement landscape. This guide aims to provide basic information that can help you prepare to cross the UK border. Before you start your journey: • It's helpful to have any documentation. Complete a landing card. (one per person) before you arrive at passport control. Acknowledgement of an Asylum or Article 3 application made to IND. It contains information about the identity and immigration status of the holder (as recorded by IND when the card was created) in visible form and/or stored on a magnetic chip that can be read in specially programmed 'QuickCheck' card readers.

It exerts foreign political influence through its tactical divisions, such as the. Before the of 2004, concurrently served as the of the Intelligence Community; today, the CIA is organized under the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). Despite transferring some of its powers to the DNI, the CIA has grown in size as a result of the. In 2013, reported that in fiscal year 2010, the CIA had the largest of all IC agencies, exceeding previous estimates. The CIA has increasingly expanded its role, including covert operations.

One of its largest divisions, the Information Operations Center (IOC), has shifted focus from to offensive. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Purpose When the CIA was created, its purpose was to create a clearinghouse for foreign policy intelligence and analysis. Today its primary purpose is to collect, analyze, evaluate, and disseminate foreign intelligence, and to perform covert actions. According to its fiscal 2013 budget, the CIA has five priorities: •, the top priority • of nuclear and other. • Warning/informing American leaders of important overseas events.

Organizational structure. Main article: The CIA has an executive office and five major directorates: • The Directorate of Digital Innovation • The Directorate of Analysis • The Directorate of Operations • The Directorate of Support • The Directorate of Science and Technology Executive Office The (D/CIA) reports directly to the (DNI); in practice, the CIA director interfaces with the DNI, Congress, and the, while the Deputy Director is the internal executive of the CIA.

The Executive Office also supports the by providing it with information it gathers, receiving information from organizations, and cooperates on field activities. The Executive Director is in charge of the day to day operation of the CIA.

Each branch of the military service has its own Director. The Associate Director of military affairs, a senior military officer, manages the relationship between the CIA and the, who produce and deliver to the CIA regional/operational intelligence and consume national intelligence produced by the CIA. Directorate of Analysis. Aerial view of the Central Intelligence Agency headquarters,. The Directorate of Analysis, through much of its history known as the Directorate of Intelligence (DI), is tasked with helping 'the President and other policymakers make informed decisions about our country’s national security' by looking 'at all the available information on an issue and organiz[ing] it for policymakers'. The Directorate has four regional analytic groups, six groups for transnational issues, and three that focus on policy, collection, and staff support.

There is an office dedicated to; regional analytical offices covering the and, Russia and Europe; and the Asian Pacific, Latin American, and African office. Directorate of Operations. Main article: The Directorate of Operations is responsible for collecting foreign intelligence (mainly from clandestine HUMINT sources), and for covert action.

The name reflects its role as the coordinator of human intelligence activities between other elements of the wider U.S. Intelligence community with their own HUMINT operations. This Directorate was created in an attempt to end years of rivalry over influence, philosophy and budget between the (DOD) and the CIA. In spite of this, the Department of Defense recently organized its own global clandestine intelligence service, the (DCS), under the (DIA). This Directorate is known to be organized by geographic regions and issues, but its precise organization is classified. Directorate of Science and Technology. Main article: The Directorate of Science & Technology was established to research, create, and manage technical collection disciplines and equipment.

Many of its innovations were transferred to other intelligence organizations, or, as they became more overt, to the military services. For example, the development of the high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft was done in cooperation with the. The U-2's original mission was clandestine over denied areas such as the. It was subsequently provided with and capabilities, and is now operated by the Air Force.

Imagery intelligence collected by the U-2 and reconnaissance satellites was analyzed by a DS&T organization called the National Photointerpretation Center (NPIC), which had analysts from both the CIA and the military services. Subsequently, NPIC was transferred to the (NGA). Directorate of Support. Further information:,,,, and The CIA established its first training facility, the Office of Training and Education, in 1950. Following the end of the, the CIA's training budget was slashed, which had a negative effect on employee retention.

In response, Director of Central Intelligence established in 2002. CIA University holds between 200 and 300 courses each year, training both new hires and experienced intelligence officers, as well as CIA support staff. The facility works in partnership with the, and includes the, the Directorate of Analysis' component of the university. For later stage training of student operations officers, there is at least one classified training area at, near. Students are selected, and their progress evaluated, in ways derived from the OSS, published as the book Assessment of Men, Selection of Personnel for the Office of Strategic Services. Additional mission training is conducted at,. The primary training facility for the Office of Communications is, located near.

The facility was established in 1951 and has been used by the CIA since at least 1955. Main article: Details of the overall United States intelligence budget are classified.

Under the of 1949, the Director of Central Intelligence is the only federal government employee who can spend 'un-vouchered' government money. The government showed its 1997 budget was 26.6 billion dollars for the fiscal year. The government has disclosed a total figure for all non-military intelligence spending since 2007; the fiscal 2013 figure is $52.6 billion. According to the, the CIA's fiscal 2013 budget is $14.7 billion, 28% of the total and almost 50% more than the budget of the National Security Agency. CIA's budget is $2.3 billion, the budget is $1.7 billion, and spending for security and logistics of CIA missions is $2.5 billion. 'Covert action programs', including a variety of activities such as the CIA's fleet and anti- activities, accounts for $2.6 billion. There were numerous previous attempts to obtain general information about the budget.

As a result, it was revealed that CIA's annual budget in Fiscal Year 1963 was US $550 million (inflation-adjusted US$ 4.3 billion in 2017), and the overall intelligence budget in FY 1997 was US $26.6 billion (inflation-adjusted US$ 39.7 billion in 2017). There have been accidental disclosures; for instance,, a former CIA official and deputy director of national intelligence for collection in 2005, said that the annual intelligence budget was $44 billion, and in 1994 Congress accidentally published a budget of $43.4 billion (in 2012 dollars) in 1994 for the non-military National Intelligence Program, including $4.8 billion for the CIA. After the was approved, appropriating $13.7 billion over five years, 5% of those funds or $685 million were made available to the CIA. Employees Polygraphing Robert Baer, a CNN analyst and former CIA operative, stated that normally a CIA employee undergoes a examination every three to four years.

Relationship with other intelligence agencies Part of on Disclosures • • • • Systems • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Agencies • • • • • People • • • • • • • • • Places • • • • • • • • Laws • Five Eyes • • • U.S. • • • EU • • Proposed changes • U.S. • • Concepts • • • • • • Related topics • • • • • • • • • • • •. • • • The CIA acts as the primary US HUMINT and general analytic agency, under the, who directs or coordinates the 16 member organizations of the. In addition, it obtains information from other U.S. Government intelligence agencies, commercial information sources, and foreign intelligence services.

Agencies CIA employees form part of the (NRO) workforce, originally created as a joint office of the CIA and to operate the spy satellites of the US military. The is a joint CIA and (NSA) office that conducts clandestine electronic throughout the world. Foreign intelligence services The role and functions of the CIA are roughly equivalent to those of the United Kingdom's (the SIS or MI6), the (ASIS), the French foreign intelligence service (DGSE), the ( Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki, SVR), the Chinese (MSS), the Indian (RAW), the Pakistani (ISI), the, and Israel's. While the preceding agencies both collect and analyze information, some like the U.S. State Department's are purely analytical agencies. [ ] The closest links of the U.S.

IC to other foreign intelligence agencies are to Anglophone countries: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. There is a special communications marking that signals that intelligence-related messages can be shared with these four countries.

An indication of the United States' close operational cooperation is the creation of a new message distribution label within the main U.S. Military communications network. Previously, the marking of NOFORN (i.e., No Foreign Nationals) required the originator to specify which, if any, non-U.S. Countries could receive the information. A new handling caveat, USA/AUS/CAN/GBR/NZL, used primarily on intelligence messages, gives an easier way to indicate that the material can be shared with Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, and New Zealand. The task of the division called ' Verbindungsstelle 61' of the German is keeping contact to the CIA office in. 's liaises with the CIA, although it is not a member of the Five Eyes.

Suspended from the ceiling of the glass enclosed atrium: three models of the,, and. These models are exact replicas at one-sixth scale of the real planes. All three had photographic capabilities. The U-2 was one of the first espionage planes developed by the CIA.

The A-12 set unheralded flight records. The D-21 drone was one of the first unmanned aircraft ever built. Donated all three models to the CIA. After the came the. Eisenhower wanted to use the to disprove the Missile Gap, but he had banned U-2 overflights of the USSR after meeting Secretary. Another reason the President objected to the use of the U-2 was that, in the nuclear age, the intelligence he needed most was on their intentions, without which, the US would face a paralysis of intelligence.

He was particularly worried that U-2 flights could be seen as preparations for first strike attacks. He had high hopes for an upcoming meeting with Khrushchev in Paris. Eisenhower finally gave into CIA pressure to authorize a 16-day window for flights, which was extended an additional six days because of poor weather. On May 1, 1960, the USSR shot down a U-2 flying over the Soviet territory. To Eisenhower, the ensuing coverup destroyed his perceived honesty, and his hope of leaving a legacy of thawing relations with Khrushchev. It would also mark the beginning of a long downward slide in the credibility of the Office of the President of the United States. Eisenhower later said that the U-2 coverup was the greatest regret of his Presidency.: 160 Dominican Republic The human rights abuses of Generalissimo had a history of more than three decades, but in August 1960 the United States severed diplomatic relations.

The CIA's Special group had decided to arm Dominicans in hopes of an assassination. The CIA had dispersed three rifles, and three.38 revolvers, but things paused as Kennedy assumed office. An order approved by Kennedy resulted in the dispersal of four machine guns. Trujillo died from gunshot wounds two weeks later.

In the aftermath, Robert Kennedy wrote that the CIA had succeeded where it had failed many times in the past, but in the face of that success, it was caught flatfooted, having failed to plan what to do next. Main article: The CIA welcomed on his visit to DC, and gave him a face-to-face briefing.

The CIA hoped that Castro would bring about a friendly democratic government, and planned to curry his favor with money and guns. On December 11, 1959, a memo reached the DCI's desk recommending Castro's 'elimination'.

Dulles replaced the word 'elimination' with 'removal', and set the wheels in motion. By mid-August 1960, Dick Bissell would seek, with the blessing of the CIA, to hire the to assassinate Castro. The was a failed military invasion of undertaken by the CIA-sponsored paramilitary group on April 17, 1961. A counter-revolutionary military, trained and funded by the CIA, Brigade 2506 fronted the armed wing of the (DRF) and intended to overthrow the of. Launched from, the invading force was defeated within three days by the, under the direct command of Prime Minister Fidel Castro. US President was concerned at the direction Castro's government was taking, and in March 1960, Eisenhower allocated $13.1 million to the CIA to plan Castro's overthrow. The CIA proceeded to organize the operation with the aid of various Cuban counter-revolutionary forces, training Brigade 2506 in Guatemala.

Over 1,400 paramilitaries set out for Cuba by boat on April 13. Two days later on April 15, eight CIA-supplied bombers attacked Cuban air fields. On the night of April 16, the main invasion landed in the, but by April 20, the invaders finally surrendered. The failed invasion strengthened the position of Castro's leadership as well as his ties with the USSR. This led eventually to the events of the of 1962.

The invasion was a major embarrassment for. US President ordered a number of internal investigations across. [ ] The Taylor Board was commissioned to determine what went wrong in Cuba. The Board came to the same conclusion that the Jan '61 President's Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities had concluded, and many other reviews prior, and to come, that Covert Action had to be completely isolated from intelligence and analysis.

The investigated the Bay of Pigs. His conclusion was that there was a need to drastically improve the organization and management of the CIA. The Special Group (Later renamed the 303 committee) was convened in an oversight role. [ ] Early Cold War, 1953–1966. See also:,,,, and The OSS Patti mission arrived in near the end of World War II, and had significant interaction with the leaders of many Vietnamese factions, including.

The consists of political plots, distribution, as well as paramilitary and intelligence gathering based on U.S. Commitments made to the in 1951 and 1956. During the period of U.S.

Combat involvement in the Vietnam War, there was considerable argument about progress among the Department of Defense under, the CIA, and, to some extent, the intelligence staff of. Sometime between 1959 and 1961 the CIA started Project Tiger, a program of dropping South Vietnamese agents into North Vietnam to gather intelligence. These were failures; the Deputy Chief for Project Tiger, Captain Do Van Tien, admitted that he was an agent for Hanoi.

Johnson In the face of the failure of Project Tiger, the Pentagon wanted CIA paramilitary forces to participate in their Op Plan 64A, this resulted in the CIA's foreign paramilitaries being put under the command of the DOD, a move seen as a slippery slope inside the CIA, a slide from covert action towards militarization. A CIA analyst's assessment of Vietnam was that the US was 'becoming progressively divorced from reality.

[and] proceeding with far more courage than wisdom'. Nixon In 1971, the NSA and CIA were engaged in domestic spying. The DOD was eavesdropping on. The White House, and Camp David were wired for sound.

Carlo Lucarelli Almost Blue Pdf Writer. Nixon and Kissinger were eavesdropping on their aides, as well as reporters. Famously, Nixon's had in their number many former CIA agents, including,, and. On July 7, 1971,, Nixon's domestic policy chief, told DCI Cushman, Nixon's hatchet-man in the CIA, to let Cushman 'know that [Hunt] was in fact doing some things for the President.

You should consider he has pretty much carte blanche' Importantly, this included a camera, disguises, a voice altering device, and ID papers furnished by the CIA, as well as the CIA's participation developing film from the burglary Hunt staged on the office of leaker 's psychologist. [ ] On June 17, Nixon's Plumbers were caught burglarizing the DNC offices in the Watergate. On June 23, DCI Helms was ordered by the White House to wave the FBI off using national security as a pretext.

The new DCI, Walters, another Nixon hack, called the acting director of the FBI and told him to drop the investigation as ordered. On June 26, Nixon's counsel ordered DCI Walters to pay the plumbers untraceable hush money. The CIA was the only part of the government that had the power to make off the book payments, but it could only be done on the orders of the CI, or, if he was out of the country, the DCI. The Acting Director of the FBI started breaking ranks. He demanded the CIA produce a signed document attesting to the national security threat of the investigation. Jim McCord's lawyer contacted the CIA informing them that McCord had been offered a Presidential pardon if he fingered the CIA, testifying that the break-in had been an operation of the CIA. Nixon had long been frustrated by what he saw as a liberal infection inside the CIA, and had been trying for years to tear the CIA out by its roots.

McCord wrote 'If [DCI] Helms goes (takes the fall) and the Watergate operation is laid at the CIA's feet, where it does not belong, every tree in the forest will fall. It will be a scorched desert.' On November 13, after Nixon's landslide re-election, Nixon told Kissinger '[I intend] to ruin the Foreign Service.

I mean ruin it – the old Foreign Service – and to build a new one.' He had similar designs for the CIA, and intended to replace Helms with. Nixon had told Helms that he was on the way out, and promised that Helms could stay on until his 60th birthday, the mandatory retirement age. On February 2, Nixon broke that promise, carrying through with his intention to 'remove the deadwood' from the CIA.

'Get rid of the clowns' was his order to the incoming CI. Kissinger had been running the CIA since the beginning of Nixon's presidency, but Nixon impressed on Schlesinger that he must appear to congress to be in charge, averting their suspicion of Kissinger's involvement.

Nixon also hoped that Schlesinger could push through broader changes in the intelligence community that he had been working towards for years, the creation of a Director of National Intelligence, and spinning off the covert action part of the CIA into a separate organ. Before Helms would leave office, he would destroy every tape he had secretly made of meetings in his office, and many of the papers on. In Schlesinger's 17-week tenure, he would fire more than 1,500 employees. As Watergate threw the spotlight on the CIA, Schlesinger, who had been kept in the dark about the CIA's involvement, decided he needed to know what skeletons were in the closet. He issued a memo to every CIA employee directing them to disclose to him any CIA activity they knew of past or present that could fall outside the scope of the CIA's charter. [ ] This became the. It included information linking the CIA to the assassination of foreign leaders, the illegal surveillance of some 7,000 U.S.

Citizens involved in the antiwar movement (), the, secretly giving them (among other things) and observing the results. This prompted Congress to create the in the Senate, and the in the House. President created the, and issued an executive order prohibiting the assassination of foreign leaders. DCI Colby leaked the papers to the press, later he stated that he believed that providing Congress with this information was the correct thing to do, and ultimately in the CIA's own interests. Congressional Investigations Acting Attorney General learned of the existence of the Family Jewels, he issued a subpoena for them, prompting eight congressional investigations on the domestic spying activities of the CIA. 's short tenure as DCI would end with the.

His replacement was. At the time, the DOD had control of 80% of the intelligence budget.

Communication and coordination between the CIA and the DOD would suffer greatly under Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld. The CIA's budget for hiring clandestine officers had been squeezed out by the paramilitary operations in south-east Asia, and hiring was further strained by the government's poor popularity. This left the Agency bloated with middle management, and anemic in younger officers. With employee training taking five years, the Agency's only hope would be on the trickle of new officers coming to fruition years in the future. The CIA would see another setback as communists would take Angola., a member of Ford's Intelligence Advisory Board, would press Bush to allow a team from outside the CIA to produce Soviet military estimates as a 'Team B'.

Bush gave the OK. The 'B' team was composed of hawks. Their estimates were the highest that could be justified, and they painted a picture of a growing Soviet military when the Soviet military was actually shrinking. Many of their reports found their way to the press. As a result of the investigations, Congressional oversight of the CIA eventually evolved into a select intelligence committee in the House, and Senate supervising covert actions authorized by the President.

[ ] Chad neighbor was a major source of weaponry to communist rebel forces. The CIA seized the opportunity to arm and finance Chad's Prime Minister, after he created a breakaway government in Western, even giving him missiles. Further information: In Afghanistan, the CIA funneled $40 billion worth of weapons, which included over two thousand, to (ISI), which funneled them to almost 100,000 Afghan resistance fighters, notably the, and foreign ' from forty Muslim countries.

Iran/Contra Under President, the CIA was conducting covertly funded pro-American opposition against the. In March 1981, Reagan told Congress that the CIA would protect by preventing the shipment of Nicaraguan arms into the country to arm Communist rebels. This was a ruse. The CIA was actually arming and training Nicaraguans in in hopes that they could depose the Sandinistas in. Through 's tenure as DCI little of what he said in the National Security Planning Group, or to President Reagan was supported by the intelligence branch of the CIA, so Casey formed the Central American Task Force, staffed with yes men from Covert Action.

On December 21, 1982, Congress passed a law restricting the CIA to its stated mission, restricting the flow of arms from Nicaragua to El Salvador, prohibiting the use of funds to oust the Sandinistas. Reagan testified before Congress, assuring them that the CIA was not trying to topple the Nicaraguan government. [ ] Lebanon The CIA's prime source in Lebanon was, a member of the Christian Maronite sect.

The CIA was blinded by the uprising against the Maronite minority. Israel invaded Lebanon, and, along with the CIA, propped up Gemayel. This got Gemayel's assurance that Americans would be protected in Lebanon. 13 days later he was assassinated., a assassin would target Americans in retaliation for the Israeli invasion, the, and the US Marines of the Multi-National Force for their role in opposing the PLO in Lebanon. On April 18, 1983, a 2,000 lb car bomb exploded in the lobby of the American embassy in, killing 63 people including 17 Americans, and 7 CIA officers, including, one of the CIA's best Middle East experts. America's fortunes in Lebanon would only suffer more as America's poorly-directed retaliation for the bombing was interpreted by many as support for the Christian Maronite minority.

On October 23, 1983, two bombs () were set off in Beirut, including a 10 ton bomb at a US military barracks that killed 242 people. Both attacks are believed to have been planned by Iran by way of Mughniyah. [ ] The Embassy bombing had taken the life of the CIA's Beirut Station Chief, Ken Haas. Was sent in to replace him. Eighteen days after the US Marines left Lebanon, Buckley was kidnapped.

On March 7, 1984, Jeremy Levin, CNN Bureau Chief in Beirut was kidnapped. Twelve more Americans would be kidnapped in Beirut during the Reagan Administration. Manucher Ghorbanifar, a former agent was an information seller, and the subject of a rare CIA burn notice for his track record of misinformation.

He reached out to the Agency offering a back channel to Iran, suggesting a trade of missiles that would be lucrative to the intermediaries. Poland 1980–89.

Main article: During the Iran-Iraq war, the CIA had backed both sides. The CIA had maintained a network of spies in Iran, but in 1989 a CIA mistake compromised every agent they had in there, and the CIA had no agents in Iraq. In the weeks before the the CIA downplayed the military buildup. During the war CIA estimates of Iraqi abilities and intentions flip-flopped and were rarely accurate. In one particular case, the DOD had asked the CIA to identify military targets to bomb. One target the CIA identified was an underground shelter.

The CIA didn't know that it was a civilian bomb shelter. In a rare instance the CIA correctly determined that the coalition forces efforts were coming up short in their efforts to destroy SCUD missiles. Congress took away the CIA's role in interpreting spy-satellite photos, putting the CIA's satellite intelligence operations under the auspices of the military. The CIA created its office of military affairs, which operated as 'second-echelon support for the pentagon. Questions from military men [like] 'how wide is this road?'

' Fall of the USSR Gorbachev's announcement of the unilateral reduction of 500,000 Soviet troops took the CIA by surprise. Moreover, Doug MacEachin, the CIA's Chief of Soviet analysis said that even if the CIA had told the President, the NSC, and Congress about the cuts beforehand, it would have been ignored. 'We never would have been able to publish it.' All the CIA numbers on the USSR's economy were wrong. Too often the CIA relied on people inexperienced with that which they were supposed to be the expert on. Bob Gates had preceded Doug MacEachin as Chief of Soviet analysis, and he had never visited Russia. Few officers, even those stationed in country spoke the language of the people they were spying on.

And the CIA had no capacity to send agents to respond to developing situations. The CIA analysis of Russia during the entire cold war was either driven by ideology, or by politics., the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, noted that the CIA 'talked about the Soviet Union as if they weren't reading the newspapers, much less developed clandestine intelligence.' President Clinton On January 25, 1993, in Langley, Virginia, killing two agents and wounding three others. On February 26, Al-Qaeda terrorists led by below the North Tower of the in, killing six people and injuring 1,402 others. During the, the CIA ignored signs within and without of the. Two weeks after news reports of the slaughter, the CIA sent a U-2 to photograph it; a week later the CIA completed its report on the matter.

During, the CIA had incorrectly provided the coordinates of the Chinese Embassy as a Yugoslav military target resulting in. [ ] In, the CIA had orders for economic intelligence; a female CIA agent revealed her connections to the CIA to the French., Station Chief, was expelled.

[ ] In, the CIA produced the Murphy Memo, based on audio recordings made by bugs planted by Guatemalan intelligence in the bedroom of Ambassador Marilyn McAfee. In the recording, Ambassador McAfee verbally entreated 'Murphy'. The CIA circulated a memo in the highest Washington circles accusing Ambassador McAfee of having an extramarital lesbian affair with her secretary, Carol Murphy. There was no affair. Ambassador McAfee was calling to Murphy, her. Would burn several serving officers and three years of trainees before he was caught spying for Russia. In 1997 the House would pen another report, which said that CIA officers know little about the language or politics of the people they spy on; the conclusion was that the CIA lacked the 'depth, breadth, and expertise to monitor political, military, and economic developments worldwide.'

Russ Travers said in the CIA in-house journal that in five years 'intelligence failure is inevitable'. In 1997 the CIA's new director would promise a new working agency by 2002. The CIA's surprise at India's detonation of an atom bomb was a failure at almost every level. After the by, the CIA offered two targets to be. One of them was the, where traces of chemical weapon precursors had been detected.

In the aftermath it was concluded that 'the decision to target al Shifa continues a tradition of operating on inadequate intelligence about Sudan.' It triggered the CIA to make 'substantial and sweeping changes' to prevent 'a catastrophic systemic intelligence failure.' Between 1991 and 1998 the CIA lost 3,000 employees. [ ] Aldrich Ames. See also: Between 1985 and 1986 the CIA lost every spy it had in Eastern Europe. The details of the investigation into the cause were obscured from the new Director, and the investigation had little success, and has been widely criticized. In June 1987, Major Florentino Aspillaga Lombard, the chief of Cuban Intelligence in Czechoslovakia drove into Vienna, and walked into the American Embassy to defect.

He revealed that every single Cuban spy on the CIA payroll was a double agent, pretending to work for the CIA, but secretly still being loyal to Castro. On February 21, 1994, FBI agents pulled out of his Jaguar. In the investigation that ensued, the CIA that many of the sources for its most important analyses of the USSR were based on Soviet disinformation fed to the CIA by controlled agents. On top of that, it was discovered that, in some cases, the CIA suspected at the time that the sources were compromised, but the information was sent up the chain as genuine. Osama Bin Laden Agency files show that it is believed was funding the Afghan rebels against the USSR in the 1980s. In 1991, Bin Laden returned to his native protesting the presence of troops, and.

He was expelled from the country. In 1996 the CIA created a team to hunt Bin Laden. They were trading information with the Sudanese until, on the word of a source that would later be found to be a fabricator, the CIA closed its Sudan station later that year. In 1998 Bin Laden would declare war on America, and, on August 7,.

On October 12, 2000, Al Qaeda bombed the. In 1947 when the CIA was founded, there were 200 agents in the Clandestine Service. In 2001, of the 17,000 employees in the CIA, there were 1,000 in the Clandestine Service. Of that 1,000 few would accept hardship postings. In the first days of George W.

Bush's presidency, Al Qaeda threats were ubiquitous in daily Presidential CIA briefings, but it may have become a case of the boy who cries wolf. The Agency's predictions were dire, but carried little weight, and the attentions of the President and his defense staff were elsewhere. The CIA arranged the arrests of suspected Al Qaeda members through cooperation with foreign agencies, but the CIA could not definitively say what effect these arrests had had, and it could not gain hard intelligence from those captured. The President had asked the CIA if Al Qaeda could plan attacks in the US. On August 6, Bush received a daily briefing with the headline, not based on current, solid intelligence, 'Al Qaeda determined to strike inside the US.' The US had been hunting Bin Laden since 1996 and had had several opportunities, but neither Clinton, nor Bush had wanted to risk their skin taking an active role in a murky assassination plot, and the perfect opportunity had never materialized for a trigger shy DCI that would have given him the reassurances he needed to take the plunge. That day, sent warning of the risks, and decrying the inaction of the CIA.

Al-Qaeda and the 'Global War on Terrorism'. The CIA prepared a series of leaflets announcing bounties for those who turned in or denounced individual suspected of association with the or al Qaeda. The CIA had long been dealing with terrorism originating from abroad, and in 1986 had set up a to deal specifically with the problem. At first confronted with secular terrorism, the Agency found terrorism looming increasingly large on its scope. [ ] In January 1996, the CIA created an experimental 'virtual station,' the, under the Counterterrorist Center, to track Bin Laden's developing activities. Al-Fadl, who defected to the CIA in spring 1996, began to provide the Station with a new image of the Al Qaeda leader: he was not only a terrorist financier, but a terrorist organizer, too. FBI Special Agent Dan Coleman (who together with his partner Jack Cloonan had been 'seconded' to the Bin Laden Station) called him Qaeda's '.

In 1999, CIA chief George Tenet launched a grand 'Plan' to deal with al-Qaeda. The Counterterrorist Center, its new chief and the center's were the Plan's developers and executors. Once it was prepared Tenet assigned CIA intelligence chief to set up a 'Qaeda cell' to oversee its tactical execution. In 2000, the CIA and jointly ran a series of flights over Afghanistan with a small remote-controlled reconnaissance drone, the; they obtained probable photos of Bin Laden. Cofer Black and others became advocates of arming the Predator with missiles to try to assassinate Bin Laden and other al-Qaeda leaders. After the Cabinet-level Principals Committee meeting on terrorism of September 4, 2001, the CIA resumed reconnaissance flights, the drones now being weapons-capable. [ ] September 11 attacks and its aftermath.

US Special Forces help Northern Alliance troops away from a CIA-operated MI-17 Hip helicopter at, 2002 On, four passenger jets within the in a series of coordinated terrorist attacks. Two planes crashed into the Twin Towers of the in, the third into in, and the fourth inadvertently into a field near. The attacks cost the, caused the, and damaged the western side of the Pentagon.

Soon after 9/11, The New York Times released a story stating that the CIA's New York field office was destroyed in the wake of the attacks. According to unnamed CIA sources, while, military personnel and were conducting rescue efforts at the, a special CIA team was searching the rubble for both digital and paper copies of classified documents. This was done according to well-rehearsed document recovery procedures put in place after the Iranian takeover of the United States Embassy in Tehran in 1979. While it was not confirmed whether the agency was able to retrieve the classified information, it is known that all agents present that day fled the building safely. [ ] While the CIA insists that those who conducted the attacks on 9/11 were not aware that the agency was operating at 7 World Trade Center under the guise of another (unidentified) federal agency, this center was the headquarters for many notable criminal terrorism investigations. Though the New York field offices' main responsibilities were to monitor and recruit foreign officials stationed at the United Nations, the field office also handled the investigations of the August 1998 bombings of United States Embassies in East Africa and the October 2000 bombing of the USS Cole.

Despite the fact that the CIA's New York branch may have been damaged by the 9/11 attacks and they had to loan office space from the US Mission to the United Nations and other federal agencies, there was an upside for the CIA. In the months immediately following 9/11, there was a huge increase in the number of applications for CIA positions. According to CIA representatives that spoke with The New York Times, pre-9/11 the agency received approximately 500 to 600 applications a week, in the months following 9/11 the agency received that number daily.

The intelligence community as a whole, and especially the CIA, were involved in presidential planning immediately after the 9/11 attacks. In his address to the nation at 8:30pm on September 11, 2001, George W. Bush mentioned the intelligence community: 'The search is underway for those who are behind these evil acts, I've directed the full resource of our intelligence and law enforcement communities to find those responsible and bring them to justice.' The involvement of the CIA in the newly coined 'War on Terror' was further increased on September 15, 2001. During a meeting at Camp David George W.

Bush agreed to adopt a plan proposed by CIA director George Tenet. This plan consisted of conducting a covert war in which CIA paramilitary officers would cooperate with anti-Taliban guerillas inside Afghanistan. They would later be joined by small special operations forces teams which would call in precision airstrikes on Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters. This plan was codified on September 16, 2001 with Bush's signature of an official Memorandum of Notification that allowed the plan to proceed. Nixon Oval Office meeting with H.R. Haldeman 'Smoking Gun' Conversation June 23, 1972. Hastening the CIA's fall from grace were the burglary of the Watergate headquarters of the Democratic Party by former CIA officers, and President 's subsequent attempt to use the CIA to impede the FBI's investigation of the burglary.

In the famous 'smoking gun' recording that led to President Nixon's resignation, Nixon ordered his chief of staff,, to tell the CIA that further investigation of Watergate would 'open the whole can of worms' about the Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba. In this way Nixon and Haldemann ensured that the CIA's No. 2 ranking officials, and, communicated to FBI Director that the FBI should not follow the money trail from the burglars to the, as it would uncover CIA informants in Mexico. The FBI initially agreed to this due to a long-standing agreement between the FBI and CIA not to uncover each other's sources of information, though within a couple of weeks the FBI demanded this request in writing, and when no such formal request came, the FBI resumed its investigation into the money trail. Nonetheless, when the smoking gun tapes were made public, damage to the public's perception of CIA's top officials, and thus to the CIA as a whole, could not be avoided. President meets with CIA Director-designate, December 17, 1975 Repercussions from the arms smuggling scandal included the creation of the in 1991.

It defined covert operations as secret missions in geopolitical areas where the U.S. Is neither openly nor apparently engaged. This also required an authorizing chain of command, including an official, presidential finding report and the informing of the House and Senate Intelligence Committees, which, in emergencies, requires only 'timely notification.' Further information: 72 days after the 9/11 attacks President Bush told his Secretary of Defense to update the US for an invasion of, but not to tell anyone. SecDef asked Bush if he could bring DCI Tenet into the loop, to which Bush agreed. Feelers the CIA had put out to Iraq in the form of eight of their best officers in Kurdish territory in Northern Iraq hit a goldmine, unprecedented in the famously closed, almost fascist Hussein government.

By December 2002 the CIA had close to a dozen good networks in Iraq: 242 and would advance so far that they would penetrate Iraq's, and even tap the encrypted communications of the Deputy Prime Minister, even the bodyguard of Hussein's son became an agent. As time passed, the CIA would become more and more frantic about the possibility of their networks being compromised, 'rolled up'. To the CIA, the had to occur before the end of February 2003 if their sources inside Hussein's government were to survive. The rollup would happen as predicted, 37 CIA sources recognized by their Thuraya satellite telephones provided for them by the CIA.: 337.

Former CIA deputy director (left) apologized to Colin Powell for the CIA's erroneous assessments of. The case presented before the (purportedly proving an Iraqi WMD program) was wishful thinking. DDCI was part of a long discussion in the CIA about equivocation. McLaughlin, who would make, among others, the 'slam dunk' presentation to the President, 'felt that they had to dare to be wrong to be clearer in their judgements'.: 197 The Al Qaeda connection, for instance, was from a single source, extracted through torture, and was later denied. Was a known liar, and the sole source for the mobile chemical weapons factories. A postmortem of the intelligence failures in the lead up to Iraq led by former DDCI Richard Kerr would conclude that the CIA had been a casualty of the cold war, wiped out in a way 'analogous to the effect of the meteor strikes on the dinosaurs.' The opening days of the Invasion of Iraq would see successes and defeats for the CIA.

With its Iraq networks compromised, and its strategic and tactical information shallow, and often wrong, the intelligence side of the invasion itself would be a black eye for the Agency. The CIA would see some success with its 'Scorpion' paramilitary teams composed of CIA agents, along with friendly Iraqi. CIA SAD officers would also help the US. The occupation of Iraq would be a low point in the history of the CIA. At the largest CIA station in the world agents would rotate through 1–3 month tours. In Iraq almost 500 transient agents would be trapped inside the while Iraq Station Chiefs would rotate with only a little less frequency.

2004, DNI takes over CIA top-level functions The created the office of the (DNI), who took over some of the government and intelligence community (IC)-wide functions that had previously been the CIA's. The DNI manages the United States Intelligence Community and in so doing it manages the. Among the functions that moved to the DNI were the preparation of estimates reflecting the consolidated opinion of the 16 IC agencies, and preparation of briefings for the president.

On July 30, 2008, issued amending to strengthen the role of the DNI. Previously, the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) oversaw the Intelligence Community, serving as the president's principal intelligence advisor, additionally serving as head of the CIA. The DCI's title now is 'Director of the Central Intelligence Agency' (D/CIA), serving as head of the CIA. Currently, the CIA reports to the Director of National Intelligence. Prior to the establishment of the DNI, the CIA reported to the President, with informational briefings to congressional committees.

The is a permanent member of the National Security Council, responsible for briefing the President with pertinent information collected by all U.S. Intelligence agencies, including the National Security Agency, the Drug Enforcement Administration, etc. All 16 Intelligence Community agencies are under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence. Operation Neptune Spear. See also: On May 1, 2011, President Barack Obama announced that was killed earlier that day by 'a small team of Americans' operating in, Pakistan, during a CIA operation. The raid was executed from a CIA forward base in Afghanistan by elements of the U.S. Navy's and CIA paramilitary operatives.

It resulted in the acquisition of extensive intelligence on the future attack plans of al-Qaeda. The operation was a result of years of intelligence work that included the CIA's capture and interrogation of Khalid Sheik Mohammad (KSM), which led to the identity of a courier of Bin Laden's, the tracking of the courier to the compound by paramilitary operatives and the establishing of a CIA safe house to provide critical tactical intelligence for the operation. Syrian Civil War. Main article: Under the aegis of operation and other clandestine activities, and have trained and armed nearly 10,000 rebel fighters at a cost of $1 billion a year. The CIA has been sending weapons to anti-government rebels in Syria since at least 2012. These weapons have been reportedly falling into hands of extremists, such as and.

Around February 2017, the CIA was instructed to halt military aid to Syrian rebels (Free Syrian Army or FSA), which also included training, ammunition, guided missiles, and salaries. Sources state that the hold on aid was not related to the transitions from Obama's administration to Trump's, but rather due to issues faced by the FSA. Based on responses by rebel officials, they believe that the aid freeze is related to concerns that weapons and funds will fall into the hands of ISIL.

Based on information obtained by Reuters, five FSA groups have confirmed that they received funding and military support from an source called 'MOM operations room.' Several countries besides the U.S. Had also contributed to the funding of the FSA. These countries include Turkey, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia.

On April 6, 2017, Al-Jazeera reported that funding to the FSA was partially restored. Based on information provided by two FSA sources, the new military operation room will receive its funds from the coalition 'Friends of Syria'. The coalition consists of members from the U.S, Turkey, Western Europe, and Gulf states, which previously supported the military operation known as MOM. It was reported in July 2017 that President had ordered a 'phasing out' of the CIA's support for anti- rebels.

Reorganization On March 6, 2015, the office of the D/CIA issued an unclassified edition of a statement by the Director, titled 'Our Agency's Blueprint for the Future', as a press release for public consumption. The press release announced sweeping plans for the reorganization and reform of the CIA, which the Director believes will bring the CIA more in line with the Agency doctrine called the 'Strategic Direction'. Among the principal changes disclosed include the establishment of a new directorate, the Directorate of Digital Innovation, which is responsible for designing and crafting the digital technology to be used by the Agency, to keep the CIA always ahead of its enemies.

The Directorate of Digital Innovation will also train CIA staff in the use of this technology, to prepare the CIA for the future, and it will also use the technological revolution to deal with cyber-terrorism and other perceived threats. The new directorate will be the chief cyber-espionage arm of the Agency going forward. Other changes which were announced include the formation of a Talent Development Center of Excellence, the enhancement and expansion of the CIA University and the creation of the office of the Chancellor to head the CIA University in order to consolidate and unify recruitment and training efforts. The office of the Executive Director will be empowered and expanded and the secretarial offices serving the Executive Director will be streamlined. The restructuring of the entire Agency is to be revamped according to a new model whereby governance is modelled after the structure and hierarchy of corporations, said to increase the efficiency of workflow and to greatly enable the Executive Director to manage day-to-day activity. As well, another stated intention was to establish 'Mission Centers', each one to deal with a specific geographic region of the world, which will bring the full collaboration and joint efforts of the five Directorates together under one roof. While the Directorate heads will still retain ultimate authority over their respective Directorate, the Mission Centers will be led by an Assistant Director who will work with the capabilities and talents of all five Directorates on mission specific goals for the parts of the world which they are given responsibility for.

The unclassified version of the document ends with the announcement that the National Clandestine Service (NCS) will be reverting to its original Directorate name, the Directorate of Operations. The Directorate of Intelligence is also being renamed, it will now be the Directorate of Analysis. Drones A new policy introduced by President Barack Obama removed the authority of the CIA to launch drone attacks and allowed these attacks only under command. This change was reversed by President Donald Trump, who authorized CIA drone strikes on suspected terrorists. Open Source Intelligence.

Further information: and Until the 2004 reorganization of the intelligence community, one of the 'services of common concern' that the CIA provided was from the (FBIS). FBIS, which had absorbed the Joint Publication Research Service, a military organization that translated documents, moved into the under the Director of National Intelligence. During the, (assigned to the ), worked with agencies across the intelligence community, including the CIA, to develop and deploy a technology-based competitive strategy system called.

Project Socrates was designed to utilize open source intelligence gathering almost exclusively. The technology-focused Socrates system supported such programs as the in addition to private sector projects. As part of its mandate to gather intelligence, the CIA is looking increasingly online for information, and has become a major consumer of.

'We're looking at YouTube, which carries some unique and honest-to-goodness intelligence,' said, director of the DNI (OSC) at CIA headquarters. 'We're looking at chat rooms and things that didn't exist five years ago, and trying to stay ahead.' CIA launched a account in June 2014.

Outsourcing and privatization. See also: Many of the duties and functions of Intelligence Community activities, not the CIA alone, are being outsourced and privatized., former Director of National Intelligence, was about to publicize an investigation report of outsourcing by U.S. Intelligence agencies, as required by Congress. However, this report was then classified.

Hillhouse speculates that this report includes requirements for the CIA to report: • different standards for government employees and contractors; • contractors providing similar services to government workers; • analysis of costs of contractors vs. Supplemental material used in Maxwell Taylor's report on the. The CIA: a forgotten history, by and by have accused the CIA of various covert actions, and human rights abuses. The CIA has responded to the claims made in Weiner's book, and of the National Security Archive has also been critical of it. Intelligence expert faulted Weiner for portraying as 'a doddering old man' rather than the 'shrewd professional spy' he knew and for refusing 'to concede that the agency's leaders may have acted from patriotic motives or that the CIA ever did anything right,' but concluded: ' Legacy of Ashes succeeds as both journalism and history, and it is must reading for anyone interested in the CIA or American intelligence since World War II.'

In 2017, the CIA faced heat over. They released a statement saying they conduct missions to aggressively collect intelligence, but denied the authenticity of the Wikileaks documents.

Domestic wiretapping In 1969, at the height of the antiwar movement in the US, CIA Director Helms received a message from ordering him to spy on the leaders of the groups requesting a moratorium on Vietnam. 'Since 1962, three successive presidents had ordered the director of central intelligence to spy on Americans'. Extraordinary rendition. The that details the use of torture during CIA detention and interrogation. Is the apprehension and transfer of a person from one country to another.

The term 'torture by proxy' is used by some critics to describe situations in which the CIA and other US agencies have transferred suspected terrorists to countries known to employ, whether they meant to enable torture or not. It has been claimed, though, that torture has been employed with the knowledge or acquiescence of US agencies (a transfer of anyone to anywhere for the purpose of torture is a violation of US law), although (then the ) stated that: the United States has not transported anyone, and will not transport anyone, to a country when we believe he will be tortured.

Where appropriate, the United States seeks assurances that transferred persons will not be tortured. Whilst the Obama administration has tried to distance itself from some of the harshest counterterrorism techniques, it has also said that at least some forms of renditions will continue. The administration continued to allow rendition only 'to a country with jurisdiction over that individual (for prosecution of that individual)' when there is a diplomatic assurance 'that they will not be treated inhumanely.' The US program has also prompted several official investigations in Europe into alleged secret detentions and unlawful inter-state transfers involving member states. A from the Council of Europe estimated 100 people had been kidnapped by the CIA on EU territory (with the cooperation of Council of Europe members), and rendered to other countries, often after having transited through secret detention centres (') used by the CIA, some located in Europe.

According to the separate, the CIA has conducted 1,245 flights, many of them to destinations where suspects could face torture, in violation of article 3 of the. Following the the United States, in particular the CIA, has been accused of rendering hundreds of people suspected by the government of being terrorists—or of aiding and abetting terrorist organisations—to third-party states such as Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Uzbekistan. Such ' are kept outside oversight, often without ever entering US territory, and may or may not ultimately be devolved to the custody of the United States. On October 4, 2001, a secret arrangement was made in Brussels, by all., British defence secretary and later NATO's secretary-general, would later explain that NATO members agree to provide 'blanket overflight clearances for the United States and other allies' aircraft for military flights related to operations against terrorism.' Security failures. Critics assert that funding the Afghan ( ) played a role in causing the. On December 30, 2009, a suicide attack occurred in the in the province of, Afghanistan.

Seven CIA officers, including the chief of the base, were killed and six others seriously wounded in the attack. Counterintelligence failures Perhaps the most disruptive period involving counterintelligence was James Jesus Angleton's search for a mole, based on the statements of a Soviet defector,. A second defector,, challenged Golitsyn's claims, with the two calling one another Soviet double agents. Many CIA officers fell under career-ending suspicion; the details of the relative truths and untruths from Nosenko and Golitsyn may never be released, or, in fact, may not be fully understood. The accusations also crossed the Atlantic to the British intelligence services, who also were damaged by molehunts.,, both field operations officers sold secrets to Russia, and, a low-level worker in the CIA 24-hour Operations Center. Kampiles sold the Soviets the detailed operational manual for the reconnaissance satellite.

Human rights concerns. Green: active members.

Blue: collaborator (USA). The CIA has been called into question for, at times, using torture, funding and training of groups and organizations that would later participate in killing of civilians and other non-combatants and would try or succeed in overthrowing democratically elected governments, human experimentation, and and assassinations. The CIA has also been accused of a lack of financial and whistleblower controls which has led to waste and fraud.

The Institute on Medicine as a Profession and the non-profit organization Open Society Foundations reviewed public records into the medical professions alleging complicity in the abuse of prisoners suspected of terrorism who were held in U.S. Custody during the years after 9/11.' The reports found that health professionals 'Aided cruel and degrading interrogations; Helped devise and implement practices designed to maximize disorientation and anxiety so as to make detainees more malleable for interrogation; and Participated in the application of excruciatingly painful methods of force-feeding of mentally competent detainees carrying out hunger strikes' are not all that surprising. Medical professionals were sometimes used at black sites to monitor detainee health. Whether or not the physicians were compelled is an open question. Other human rights issues that are controversial include the case of Edward Snowden.

However, the significance of human right does not fall into this case regarding whether Snowden received his fair trial or not. Rather, the human rights associated with the Snowden leaks are regarding the types of document Snowden released.

Snowden released a significant amount of information on the U.S. Government's surveillance program of its citizens to The Washington Post as well as foreign news reporters. Particularly, 'between on or about June 5, 2013, and June 9, 2013, classified information was published on the internet and in print by multiple newspapers, including The Washington Post and The Guardian. The articles and internet postings by The Washington Post and The Guardian included classified documents that were marked TOP SECRET. The Washington Post and The Guardian later revealed that SNOWDEN was the principal source for the classified information on or about June 9, 2013, in a videotaped interview with The Guardian, admitted that he was the person who illegally provided those documents to reporters. Evidence indicates that SNOWDEN had access to the classified documents in question; accessed those documents; and, subsequently, provided those documents to media outlets without authorization and in violation of U.S. Furthermore, the leaks included documents at many levels of the National Security Agency (NSA) electronic surveillance activities.

'The Snowden leaks have generated broad public debate over issues of security, privacy, and legality inherent in the NSA's surveillance of communications by American citizens. The records include: White House and ODNI efforts to explain, justify, and defend the programs; Correspondence between outside critics and executive branch officials; Fact sheets and white papers distributed (and sometimes later withdrawn) by the government; Key laws and court decisions (both Supreme Court and Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court); Documents on the Total Information Awareness (later Terrorist Information Awareness, or TIA) program, an earlier proposal for massive data collection Manuals on how to exploit the Internet for intelligence.' External investigations and document releases. Main articles: and Two offices of have analytical responsibilities in this area.

The Office of Transnational Issues applies unique functional expertise to assess existing and emerging threats to U.S. National security and provides the most senior U.S.

Policymakers, military planners, and law enforcement with analysis, warning, and crisis support. CIA Crime and Narcotics Center researches information on international narcotics trafficking and organized crime for policymakers and the law enforcement community. Since CIA has no domestic police authority, it sends its analytic information to the (FBI), (ICE) and other law enforcement organizations, such as the (DEA) and the of the (OFAC). Another part of CIA, the Directorate of Operations, collects human intelligence (HUMINT) in these areas. Research by Dr.,, and others has pointed to CIA involvement in narcotics trafficking across the globe, although the CIA officially denies such allegations. During the Cold War, when numerous soldiers participated in transport of Southeast Asian heroin to the United States by the airline, [ ] the CIA's role in such traffic was reportedly rationalized as 'recapture' of related profits to prevent possible enemy control of such assets.

Alleged lying to Congress Former Speaker of the has stated that the CIA repeatedly misled Congress since 2001 about and other torture, though Pelosi admitted to being told about the programs. Six members of Congress have claimed that Director of the CIA admitted that over a period of several years since 2001 the CIA deceived Congress, including affirmatively lying to Congress. Some congressmen believe that these 'lies' to Congress are similar to CIA lies to Congress from earlier periods. Covert programs hidden from Congress On July 10, 2009, House Intelligence subcommittee Chairwoman Representative (D, IL) announced the termination of an unnamed CIA covert program described as 'very serious' in nature which had been kept secret from Congress for eight years. It's not as if this was an oversight and over the years it just got buried. There was a decision under several directors of the CIA and administration not to tell the Congress. Jan Schakowsky, Chairwoman, U.S.

House of Representatives Intelligence Subcommittee CIA Director Panetta had ordered an internal investigation to determine why Congress had not been informed about the covert program. Chairman of the House Intelligence Committee Representative announced that he is considering an investigation into alleged CIA violations of the, which requires with limited exception that Congress be informed of covert activities. Investigations and Oversight Subcommittee Chairwoman Schakowsky indicated that she would forward a request for congressional investigation to Chairman Silvestre Reyes.

'Is giving your kid a test in school an inhibition on his free learning?' 'Sure, there are some people who are happy to let intelligence agencies go about their business unexamined. But I think most people when they think about it will say that you will get better intelligence if the intelligence agencies don't operate in an unexamined fashion.' , Chairman, House Select Intelligence Oversight Panel, Committee on Appropriations Congresswoman (D, IL), Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, who called for the investigation, stated that the investigation was intended to address CIA failures to inform Congress fully or accurately about four issues: C.I.A. Involvement in the downing of a missionary plane mistaken for a narcotics flight in Peru in 2001, and two ' matters that remain classified', as well as the rumored-assassinations question. In addition, the inquiry is likely to look at the Bush administration's program of eavesdropping without warrants and its detention and interrogation program. Intelligence Chief Dennis Blair testified before the House Intelligence Committee on February 3, 2010, that the U.S.

Intelligence community is prepared to kill U.S. Citizens if they threaten other Americans or the United States. The has said this policy is 'particularly troubling' because U.S. Citizens 'retain their constitutional right to due process even when abroad.'

The ACLU also 'expressed serious concern about the lack of public information about the policy and the potential for abuse of unchecked executive power.' Improper search of computers used by Senate investigators In July 2014 CIA Director had to apologize to lawmakers because five CIA employees (two lawyers and three computer specialists) had surreptitiously searched Senate Intelligence Committee files and reviewed some committee staff members' e-mail on computers that were supposed to be exclusively for congressional investigators. Brennan ordered the creation of an internal personnel board, led by former senator, to review the agency employees' conduct and determine 'potential disciplinary measures.' However, according to some reports, Brennan didn't apologize for spying or doing anything wrong at all, even though his agency had been improperly accessing computers of the (SSCI) and then, in the words of investigative reporter, 'speaking a lie'.

This accusation was based on the CIA Director's earlier denials of Senator 's claims that the surreptitious CIA search of the SSCI computers occurred, was inappropriate, or 'violated the separation of powers principles embodied in the United States Constitution, including the ' or other laws. Resignation of officials and agents who would not work for Donald Trump In February 2017, reports emerged that key experts within the CIA were resigning because they would not work for U.S. The reported that two agents, Americans, who operated spy-rings within ISIS had resigned, because they did not want to see the contacts who worked for them sacrificed due to incompetence and anti-Muslim prejudice from within Trump's inner circle., a CIA official since 2006, stirred controversy when he published an op-ed in, explaining why he surprised himself by resigning, after he perceived Trump using his visit to CIA HQ for partisan political posturing. WikiLeaks' disclosure of CIA's cyber tools. Main article: In March 2017, has published more than 8,000 documents on the CIA. The confidential documents, codenamed, dated from 2013–2016, included details on the CIA's software capabilities, such as the ability to compromise,, (including,,, and ), and the operating systems of most (including 's and 's ), as well as other such as,, and. WikiLeaks did not name the source, but said that the files had 'circulated among former U.S.

Government hackers and contractors in an unauthorized manner, one of whom has provided WikiLeaks with portions of the archive.' In a 2017 speech addressing, CIA Director referred to as 'a non-state hostile intelligence service often abetted by state actors like Russia'. He also said: 'To give them the space to crush us with misappropriated secrets is a perversion of what our great Constitution stands for. It ends now.'

Main article: Fictional depictions of the CIA exist in many books, films and video games. Some fiction draws, at least in parts, on actual historical events, while other works are entirely fictional. The television series (2007), was based solely on a man who accidentally sees secret CIA encryptions and eventually becomes an asset/liabilty, and later on an agent in the agency. Films include (2007), based on the story of U.S. Congressman and CIA operative, who supported the Afghan, and (2006), a fictional spy film produced and directed by based loosely on the development of in the CIA. The fictional character in 's books is a CIA analyst.

's is about a CIA agent operating in Southeast Asia. Fictional depictions of the CIA are also used in video games, such as, and. Central Intelligence Agency.

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